{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:50:49Z","timestamp":1777902649596,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]],"date-time":"1992-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":694224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the absence of \u201cconscious\u201d, overt identification, some patients with face recognition impairments continue covertly to process information regarding face familiarity. The fact that by no means all patients show these covert effects has led to the suggestion that indirect recogntion tasks may help in identifying different types of face recognition impairment. The present report describes a number of experiments with the patient NR, who, after a closed head injury, has been severely impaired at recognizing familiar faces. Investigations mostly failed to show overt or covert face recognition, but NR performed at an above-chance level in selecting the familiar face on a task requiring a forced-choice between a familiar and an unfamiliar face. This discrepancy between a degree of rudimentary overt recognition and absence of covert effects on most indirect tests was addressed using a cross-domaim identity priming paradigm. This examined separately the possibility of preserved recognition for faces that NR consistently chose correctly in a forced-choice familiarity decision and those on which he performed at chance level. Priming effects were apparent only for the faces that were consistently chosen as \u201cfamiliar\u201d in forced-choice. We suggest that NR's stored representations of familiar faces are degraded, so that face recognition is possible only via a limited set of relatively preserved representations able to support a rudimentary form of overt recognition and to facilitate performance in matching and priming tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749208401287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T13:02:18Z","timestamp":1316869338000},"page":"141-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuropsychological Impairment of Face Recognition Units"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Edward H. F.","family":"De Haan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durham University, Durham, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Freda","family":"Newcombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(84)90040-X"},{"key":"bibr2-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4420-6_27"},{"key":"bibr3-14640749208401287","author":"Benton A. L.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Manual: Test of facial recognition"},{"key":"bibr4-14640749208401287","author":"Benton A. L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Visual Retention Test: Multiple Choice I"},{"key":"bibr5-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500300038006"},{"key":"bibr6-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00352849"},{"key":"bibr7-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/psy.1984.29054"},{"key":"bibr8-14640749208401287","author":"Bruce V.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Recognising faces"},{"key":"bibr9-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1985.tb01960.x"},{"key":"bibr10-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748608401588"},{"key":"bibr11-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x"},{"key":"bibr12-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(83)90014-3"},{"key":"bibr13-14640749208401287","author":"Chapman J. C.","year":"1924","journal-title":"Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading Test"},{"key":"bibr14-14640749208401287","first-page":"311","volume":"5","author":"Cheesman J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Reading research: Advances in theory and practice."},{"key":"bibr15-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.4.331"},{"key":"bibr16-14640749208401287","first-page":"279","author":"De Haan E. H. F.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Aspects of face processing."},{"key":"bibr17-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(87)80041-2"},{"key":"bibr18-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298708252045"},{"key":"bibr19-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09541449108406219"},{"key":"bibr20-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4420-6_26"},{"key":"bibr21-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748708401784"},{"key":"bibr22-14640749208401287","first-page":"1","author":"Ellis H. D.","year":"1986","journal-title":"The neuropsychology of face perception and facial expression."},{"key":"bibr23-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p080431"},{"key":"bibr24-14640749208401287","first-page":"23","volume":"43","author":"Endo M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tohoku Psychologica Folia"},{"key":"bibr25-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.25"},{"key":"bibr26-14640749208401287","first-page":"173","author":"Hay D. C.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Normality and pathology in cognitive functions."},{"key":"bibr27-14640749208401287","first-page":"39","author":"H\u00e9caen H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Perceiving and remembering faces."},{"key":"bibr28-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1981.tb02191.x"},{"key":"bibr29-14640749208401287","author":"Humphreys G. W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"The neuropsychology of consciousness and cognition."},{"key":"bibr30-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080638"},{"key":"bibr31-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7352271"},{"key":"bibr32-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(86)80048-X"},{"key":"bibr33-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(68)90097-8"},{"key":"bibr34-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5371(84)90434-1"},{"key":"bibr35-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14640749108400970"},{"key":"bibr36-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.37.5.489"},{"key":"bibr37-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.106.3.226"},{"key":"bibr38-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.34.3.329"},{"key":"bibr39-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(89)90170-X"},{"key":"bibr40-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207490"},{"key":"bibr41-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0017.1990.tb00150.x"},{"key":"bibr42-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(89)90066-3"},{"key":"bibr43-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220111"},{"key":"bibr44-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.13.3.501"},{"key":"bibr45-14640749208401287","first-page":"242","author":"Schacter D. L.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thought without language."},{"key":"bibr46-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.4.975"},{"key":"bibr47-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.4.989"},{"key":"bibr48-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298808252929"},{"key":"bibr49-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298608252030"},{"key":"bibr50-14640749208401287","author":"Thurstone L. L.","year":"1937","journal-title":"Psychological Test for the Study of Mental Abilities"},{"key":"bibr51-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4012303"},{"key":"bibr52-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638708405199","volume":"9","author":"Tranel D.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"bibr53-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.3.829"},{"key":"bibr54-14640749208401287","author":"Weiskrantz L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Blindsight: a case study and implications"},{"key":"bibr55-14640749208401287","first-page":"78","author":"Young A. W.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Thought without language."},{"key":"bibr56-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09541449108406218"},{"key":"bibr57-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02643298808252938"},{"key":"bibr58-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0017.1990.tb00151.x"},{"key":"bibr59-14640749208401287","author":"Young A. W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"The neuropsychology of consciousness and cognition."},{"key":"bibr60-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(90)90056-T"},{"key":"bibr61-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.12.4.466"},{"key":"bibr62-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(89)90042-0"},{"key":"bibr63-14640749208401287","author":"Young A. W.","journal-title":"The nature of semantic priming effects in the recognition of familiar people"},{"key":"bibr64-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p140737"},{"key":"bibr65-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724988843000087"},{"key":"bibr66-14640749208401287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00309318"}],"container-title":["The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/14640749208401287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/14640749208401287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:36:07Z","timestamp":1777635367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/14640749208401287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/14640749208401287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14640749208401287","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4987","1464-0740"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4987","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-0740","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,1]]}}}