{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:38:00Z","timestamp":1792805880096,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2019.1676416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T09:16:15Z","timestamp":1570094175000},"page":"865-882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Targeting toll-like receptor 4 to modulate neuroinflammation in central nervous system disorders"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Gunnar R.","family":"Leitner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler J.","family":"Wenzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen J.","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andis","family":"Klegeris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.22"},{"key":"CIT0002","first-page":"10","volume":"78","author":"Al-Ofi EA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2014.11.005"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6978936"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.02.004"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2014.06.034"},{"key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.2007.0523"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00173-06"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424980112"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8620-6"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6802"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.09.051"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03645.x"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3320"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.5.3167"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1762-5"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00316"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260419"},{"key":"CIT0019","first-page":"433","volume":"34","author":"Zschaler J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110156109"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/61.11.1013"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00028"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.08.010"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06736.x","volume":"114","author":"Buchanan MM","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180297"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-015-0192-0"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000110455"},{"key":"CIT0028","first-page":"e9","volume":"15","author":"Land WG","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl249"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600873"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201605046"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21094"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201611078"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00725.x"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.72"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0139-8"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.948"},{"key":"CIT0038","first-page":"105","volume":"336","author":"Owens T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003600"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.038"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-23"},{"key":"CIT0042","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Microglia: biology, Functions and Roles in Disease","author":"Madeira JM","year":"2012"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709069"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000111614.19196.04"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4334"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00628"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-017-0570-5"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.50"},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0802-0"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22437"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737187"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy069"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1310-2"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.006"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt355"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2007.11.011"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00508"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020420"},{"key":"CIT0061","first-page":"103","author":"Patel AJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Pathol Astrocyte-Neuron Interact"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00037-1"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2010.1687"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00491.x"},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2009.24"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/molsci.2015.2.77"},{"key":"CIT0067","first-page":"1323","volume":"41","author":"Cui J","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403938200"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00004-2"},{"key":"CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci3031282"},{"key":"CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47861-6_7"},{"key":"CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.05.009"},{"key":"CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0353-16.2016"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23132"},{"key":"CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2015.1025778"},{"key":"CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.05.053"},{"key":"CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5371"},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23270"},{"key":"CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22719"},{"key":"CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-102808-114910"},{"key":"CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-04-084475"},{"key":"CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.05.014"},{"key":"CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6467"},{"key":"CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0091"},{"key":"CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3017"},{"key":"CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26191"},{"key":"CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31816362aa"},{"key":"CIT0088","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Bhadbhade A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran J Child Neurol"},{"key":"CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00303"},{"key":"CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.013"},{"key":"CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.09.010"},{"key":"CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00083"},{"key":"CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1762-2"},{"key":"CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10030724"},{"key":"CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2007.00803.x"},{"key":"CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510793611592"},{"key":"CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986708785909111"},{"key":"CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2018.05.005"},{"key":"CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b07b78"},{"key":"CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8425-7"},{"key":"CIT0101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.07.037"},{"key":"CIT0102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4501"},{"key":"CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23655"},{"key":"CIT0104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081666"},{"key":"CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425918798904"},{"key":"CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40791"},{"key":"CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6416"},{"key":"CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401796"},{"key":"CIT0109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c15-00828"},{"key":"CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12589"},{"key":"CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12118"},{"key":"CIT0112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.11"},{"key":"CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201300588"},{"key":"CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.5.3044-3052.2005"},{"key":"CIT0115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-018-0288-5"},{"key":"CIT0116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7105"},{"key":"CIT0117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.110.068064"},{"key":"CIT0118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/361326"},{"key":"CIT0119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.05.005"},{"key":"CIT0120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016"},{"key":"CIT0121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2012.00020"},{"key":"CIT0122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.11.045"},{"key":"CIT0123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01976.x"},{"key":"CIT0124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00153-07"},{"key":"CIT0125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2009.06.002"},{"key":"CIT0126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215165110"},{"key":"CIT0127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006"},{"key":"CIT0128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0818-9641.2004.01272.x"},{"key":"CIT0129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.214312"},{"key":"CIT0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm401321v"},{"key":"CIT0131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2017.11.016"},{"key":"CIT0132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03337-14"},{"key":"CIT0133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.2.655"},{"key":"CIT0134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00737-5"},{"key":"CIT0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00010-13"},{"key":"CIT0136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138963"},{"key":"CIT0137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.6.5.773"},{"key":"CIT0138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-151183"},{"key":"CIT0139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01384-15"},{"key":"CIT0140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201047"},{"key":"CIT0141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.013"},{"key":"CIT0142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143450.04438.ae"},{"key":"CIT0143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986706778201675"},{"key":"CIT0144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00371-3"},{"key":"CIT0145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2496-09.2009"},{"key":"CIT0146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.020"},{"key":"CIT0147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.02.045"},{"key":"CIT0148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000050779"},{"key":"CIT0149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06778.x"},{"key":"CIT0150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00896"}],"container-title":["Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/14728222.2019.1676416","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T09:04:17Z","timestamp":1721811857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/14728222.2019.1676416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/14728222.2019.1676416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14728222.2019.1676416","relation":{},"ISSN":["1472-8222","1744-7631"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1472-8222","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-7631","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=iett20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=iett20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2019-07-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}