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In Experiment 1, pre\u2010exposure to a category\u2010induction language of the form <jats:italic>aX bY<\/jats:italic> sped subsequent learning when the language is instantiated in a different vocabulary. In Experiment 2, while na\u00edve learners did not acquire an <jats:italic>acX bcY<\/jats:italic> language, in which <jats:italic>aX<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>bY<\/jats:italic> co\u2010occurrence regularities were separated by a <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\u2010element, prior experience with an <jats:italic>aX bY<\/jats:italic> language provided some benefit. In Experiment 3 we replicated this finding with a 24\u2010hour delay between learning phases, and controlled for prior experience with the <jats:italic>aX bY<\/jats:italic> language's prosodic and phonological characteristics. These findings suggest that learners, and the structure they can acquire, change as a function of experience.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/15326900701326584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]],"date-time":"2010-10-18T19:06:20Z","timestamp":1287428780000},"page":"481-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Role of Prior Experience in Language Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jill","family":"Lany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lou Ann","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"899","article-title":"Modality independence of implicitly learned grammatical knowledge","volume":"21","author":"Altmann G. 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