{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:55:26Z","timestamp":1787007326858,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Pain &amp; Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/15360288.2025.2496526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:37:01Z","timestamp":1745491021000},"page":"363-373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Low-Dose Naltrexone in Treating Patients with Fibromyalgia: systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9752-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abiodun","family":"Ologunowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne N.","family":"Otoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling R.","family":"Caffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uche J.","family":"Eze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island","place":["Kingston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","unstructured":"CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2022. Basic information about fibromyalgia. [cited 2024 Mar 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/arthritis\/types\/fibromyalgia.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15428"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11020223"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"Fibromyalgia | Arthritis | CDC. [Internet]. 2020. [cited 2023 Apr 13]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/arthritis\/basics\/fibromyalgia.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06407-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20140"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22639"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"S140","article-title":"Transdiagnostic factors across fibromyalgia and mental disorders: sleep disturbances may play a key role. A clinical review","volume":"34","author":"Palagini L","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palagini L, Carmassi C, Conversano C, Gesi C, Bazzichi L, Giacomelli C, et\u00a0al. Transdiagnostic factors across fibromyalgia and mental disorders: sleep disturbances may play a key role. A clinical review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(2 Suppl. 96):S140\u2013S144.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2016.1269362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12426"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"One year in review 2017: fibromyalgia","volume":"35","author":"Talotta R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Talotta R, Bazzichi L, Di Franco M, Casale R, Batticciotto A, Gerardi MC, Sarzi-Puttini P. One year in review 2017: fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35 Suppl.105(3):6\u201312. ((Talotta R.; Batticciotto A.; Gerardi M.C.; Sarzi-Puttini P., piercarlo.sarziputtini@unimi.it) Rheumatology Unit, ASST-Fatebenefratelli-L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy):","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209724"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Milnacipran (savella), a treatment option for fibromyalgia","volume":"35","author":"English C","year":"2010","unstructured":"English C, Rey JA, Rufin C. Milnacipran (savella), a treatment option for fibromyalgia. P T. 2010;35(5):261\u20136.","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.25532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.10.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20983"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2009.00613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaa001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci6040082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","unstructured":"Naltrexone. StatPearls \u2013 NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK534811\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnad074"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S395457"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-022-01763-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","unstructured":"Dealing with missing standard deviation and mean values in meta-analysis of continuous outcomes: a systematic review | BMC Medical Research Methodology. | Full Text [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 22]. Available from: https:\/\/bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12874-018-0483-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","unstructured":"RoB 2: a revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials | Cochrane Bias [Internet]. [cited 2025. Jan 29]. Available from: https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/resources\/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","unstructured":"Effectiveness of pain neuroscience education in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis \u2013 PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 10]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35587171\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1113156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5020016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397113666170321120329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00278-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjane.2022.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","unstructured":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone for the management of fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis \u2013 PMC [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 3]. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11450306\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","unstructured":"Comparison of amitriptyline and US Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved treatments for fibromyalgia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis | Neurology | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 9]. Available from: https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2792390."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-09-22-6564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","unstructured":"The placebo effect and its determinants in fibromyalgia: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials | Clinical Rheumatology [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 22]. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10067-017-3595-8."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","unstructured":"Pain management and the intersection of pain and opioid use disorder \u2013 pain management and the opioid epidemic \u2013 NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 22]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK458655\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07263-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","unstructured":"The use of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a novel anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic pain \u2013 PMC [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 3]. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3962576\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11061620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines5020020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","unstructured":"Full article: evidence-based approaches for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome: a scoping review [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10833196.2022.2157945."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","unstructured":"Clinical pain management: current practice and recent innovations in research \u2013 ScienceDirect [Internet]. [cited 2025 Feb 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2666379124005330."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","unstructured":"Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses [Internet]. [cited 2023 Dec 15]. Available from: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-10."}],"container-title":["Journal of Pain &amp; Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/15360288.2025.2496526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T18:28:17Z","timestamp":1757356097000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/15360288.2025.2496526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/15360288.2025.2496526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15360288.2025.2496526","relation":{},"ISSN":["1536-0288","1536-0539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1536-0288","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-0539","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ippc20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ippc20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2024-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-03","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}