{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:18:07Z","timestamp":1790857087219,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Traffic Injury Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/15389580903021137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T18:41:32Z","timestamp":1247164892000},"page":"386-397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A New Approach to Multibody Model Development: Pedestrian Lower Extremity"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Kerrigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan P.","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costin","family":"Untaroiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff R.","family":"Crandall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580590969463"},{"key":"CIT0002","unstructured":"Bhalla, K, Bose, D, Madeley, N J, Kerrigan, J and Crandall, J. Evaluation of Response of Mechanical Knee Joint Impactors in Bending and Shear Loading. Proc. 18th International Technical Conference on ESV. Paper 429"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2907767"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759070-00021","volume":"4","author":"Carter D R","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"CIT0005","unstructured":"Cesari, D, Ramet, M, Cavallero, C, Billault, P, Gambarelli, J, Guerinel, G, Farisse, J, Seriat-Gautier, B and Bourret, P. Experimental Study of Pedestrian Kinematics and Injuries. Proc. 1980 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts (IRCOBI). pp.273\u2013285."},{"key":"CIT0006","unstructured":"Chidester, A and Isenberg, R. Final Report\u2014The Pedestrian Crash Data Study. NHTSA Paper 01\u2013248. Proc. 17th Conference on the ESV."},{"key":"CIT0007","volume-title":"Controlled Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms for Better Convergence","author":"Deb K","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0008","unstructured":"Edwards, K J and Green, J F. Analysis of the Inter-relationships of Pedestrian Leg and Pelvis Injuries. Proc. IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts. pp.355\u2013369."},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA071170","volume-title":"Measurement of Resistive Torques in Major Human Joints","author":"Engin A","year":"1979"},{"key":"CIT0010","first-page":"245","volume":"46","author":"Funk J","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0011","series-title":"Ph.D. dissertation","volume-title":"Biomechanical Characterization and Multibody Modeling of the Human Lower Extremity","author":"Hall G","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0012","unstructured":"Hall, G, Crandall, J, Pilkey, W and Thunnissen, J. Development of a Dynamic Multibody Model to Analyze Human Lower Extremity Impact Response and Injury. Proc. 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. pp.117\u2013134."},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17453676508988648"},{"key":"CIT0014","unstructured":"Ishikawa, H, Kajzer, J and Schroeder, G. Computer Simulation of Impact Response of the Human Body in Car-Pedestrian Accidents. Proc. 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. SAE Paper No. 933129"},{"key":"CIT0015","first-page":"21","volume":"39","author":"Ito O","year":"2008","journal-title":"JSAE Trans."},{"key":"CIT0016","first-page":"193","volume":"114","author":"Ivarsson J","year":"2005","journal-title":"SAE Trans."},{"key":"CIT0017","unstructured":"Ivarsson, J, Lessley, D, Kerrigan, J, Bhalla, K, Bose, D, Crandall, J and Kent, R. Dynamic Response Corridors and Injury Thresholds of the Pedestrian Lower Extremities. Proc. 2004 International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts (IRCOBI). pp.179\u2013192."},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/1999-01-0712"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/973326"},{"key":"CIT0020","first-page":"2268","volume":"114","author":"Kam C","year":"2005","journal-title":"SAE Trans."},{"key":"CIT0021","series-title":"Ph.D. dissertation","volume-title":"A Computationally-Efficient Mathematical Model of the Pedestrian Lower Extremity","author":"Kerrigan J R","year":"2008"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVS.2007.015541"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1533\/ijcr.2004.0315"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2008-01-1245"},{"key":"CIT0025","first-page":"527","volume":"52","author":"Kerrigan J R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0037170"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2006-01-0683"},{"key":"CIT0028","first-page":"17","volume":"182","author":"Kong L B","year":"1996","journal-title":"American College of Surgeons Journal"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2005-01-1879"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVS.2005.007539"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09544820600664622"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658050-00001","volume":"58","author":"Markolf K","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90353-X"},{"key":"CIT0034","unstructured":"Mizuno, Y. Summary of IHRA Pedestrian Safety WG Activities (2003) Proposed Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars. NHTSA Paper 580. Proc. 18th International Technical Conference on Enhanced Safety of Vehicles."},{"key":"CIT0035","volume-title":"The Visible Human Project. National Institutes of Health","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0036","unstructured":"Neale, M, Hardy, B and Lawrence, G. Development and Review of the IHRA (JARI) and TNO Pedestrian Models. Proc. 18th International Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Paper 449"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580309856"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(99)00166-0"},{"key":"CIT0039","unstructured":"Ramet, M, Bouquet, R, Bermond, F and Caire, Y. Shearing and Bending Human Knee Joint Tests in Quasi-static Lateral Load. Proc. 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts. pp.93\u2013105."},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00009-3"},{"key":"CIT0041","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"Rudd R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0042","unstructured":"Schreiber, P, Crandall, J, Micek, T, Hurwitz, S and Nusholtz, G. Static and Dynamic Bending Strength of the Leg. Proc. International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts (IRCOBI). pp.99\u2013113."},{"key":"CIT0043","first-page":"437","volume":"47","author":"Snedeker J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0044","unstructured":"Society of Automotive Engineers. 1995.Instrumentation for Impact Tests10 SAEJ211\/1, MAR95, March 1995"},{"key":"CIT0045","volume-title":"MADYMO Theory Manual, release 6.3.2","year":"2006"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2005.01.014"},{"key":"CIT0047","series-title":"Ph.D. dissertation","volume-title":"Development and Validation of a Finite Element Model of Human Lower Limb","author":"Untaroiu C","year":"2005"},{"key":"CIT0048","first-page":"157","volume":"49","author":"Untaroiu C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4271\/2006-01-0063"},{"key":"CIT0050","first-page":"433","volume":"51","author":"Untaroiu C","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2008.01.012"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13588260802055387"},{"key":"CIT0053","first-page":"80","volume":"114","author":"van Dommelen J","year":"2005","journal-title":"SAE Trans."},{"key":"CIT0054","first-page":"401","volume":"47","author":"van Hoof J","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"CIT0055","unstructured":"van Rooij, L, Bhalla, K, Meissner, M, Ivarsson, J, Crandall, J, Longhitano, D, Takahashi, Y, Dokko, Y and Kikuchi, Y. Pedestrian Crash Reconstruction Using Multi-body Modeling with Geometrically Detailed, Validated Vehicle Models and Advanced Pedestrian Injury Criteria. Paper 468. Proc. 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)."},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJVS.2005.007540"},{"key":"CIT0057","unstructured":"Yang, J and Lovsund, P. Development and Validation of a Human-Body Mathematical Model for Simulation of Car-Pedestrian Collisions. Proc. 1997 IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impacts. pp.133\u2013149."},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10286580008902559","volume":"2","author":"Yang J K","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Crash Prev. Inj. Contr."},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580600944243"}],"container-title":["Traffic Injury Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/15389580903021137","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T10:11:27Z","timestamp":1558433487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/15389580903021137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/15389580903021137"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15389580903021137","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-9588","1538-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-9588","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]]}}}