{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:54:56Z","timestamp":1761918896998},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) are the serum hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, AMA\u2010positivity can be found in non\u2010PBC sera when lower dilutions are used, thus raising issues about the specificity and sensitivity of the test. AMA reacts primarily with the lipoylated domains of pyruvate dehydrogenase\u2010E2 (PDC\u2010E2) which is highly conserved across species, including bacteria. We studied 77 serum samples, including 24 from patients with anti\u2010PDC\u2010E2\u2010positive PBC and 53 controls (16 with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 10 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 27 healthy individuals) for their reactivities at serial dilutions (1:10, 1:20 and 1:40) against <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> DH5 alpha lysate overexpressing human PDC\u2010E2 using immunoblotting (IB). A murine anti\u2010human PDC\u2010E2 monoclonal antibody (mAB) was used as control. We further studied positive sera using adsorption with a synthetic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> peptide sharing similarity with human PDC\u2010E2. Finally, we verified whether a unique buffer for <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> preparation could reduce non\u2010specific serum reactivity. Results demonstrated that 100% of anti\u2010PDC\u2010E2\u2010positive PBC and up to 38% of control sera at 1:10 dilution recognized <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> PDC\u2010E2 at IB while dilution tests indicated that the overall potency of PBC reactivity was 100\u2010fold higher compared to controls. In fact, a subgroup (20\u201038%) of non\u2010PBC sera were positive at low titers but lost the reactivity when absorbed with the synthetic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> peptide. Finally, our unique buffer reduced the reactivity of non\u2010PBC sera as measured by ELISA. In conclusion, we demonstrated that weak cross\u2010reactivity with <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> PDC\u2010E2 occurs in non\u2010PBC sera at lower dilutions and that such reactivity is not due to AMA\u2010positivity. The use of a specific buffer might avoid the risk of false positive AMA determinations when E. coli\u2010expressed recombinant antigens are used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17402520600668706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]],"date-time":"2006-12-07T21:33:47Z","timestamp":1165527227000},"page":"289-294","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serum Reactivity Against Bacterial Pyruvate Dehydrogenase: Increasing the Specificity of Anti\u2010Mitochondrial Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Miyakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Hosoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Mataki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Eric","family":"Gershwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jir\/2006\/315873.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17402520600668706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T17:24:20Z","timestamp":1723137860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/17402520600668706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17402520600668706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17402520600668706","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-8861","2314-7156"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-8861"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-7156"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-01-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}