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Sixty\u2010seven rhythmic gymnasts (18.7 \u00b1 2.9 years old) of high performance level, with 36.6 \u00b1 7.6 h of training\/week were evaluated in order to collect training and competition data, medical and gynaecological history, detailed dietary intake and body composition before an international competition. The majority of the participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 40; 59.7%) had already menstruated, but age of menarche was delayed (15.3 \u00b1 1.3 years) and all revealed menstrual irregularities. Gymnasts' body mass (48.4 \u00b1 4.9\u00a0kg) and body mass index (BMI; 17.4 \u00b1 1.1\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were below the normal for age, and height (1.66 \u00b1 0.05\u00a0m) was normal or even slightly above normal for age. Body fat was 9.0 \u00b1 2.0% with no significant differences between age strata. Gymnasts exhibited low energy availability (EA; 31.5 \u00b1 11.9 kcal\/kg fat\u2010free mass (FFM)\/day). The average carbohydrate and protein intakes were 5.1 \u00b1 2.3\u00a0g\/kg\/day and 1.6 \u00b1 04\u00a0g\/kg\/day, which correspond to 51.4 \u00b1 7.2% and 16.9 \u00b1 3.4% of total energy intakes, respectively; average fat contribution was 33.0 \u00b1 5.3%. Low intakes of pantothenic acid, folate and vitamins D, E and K and of minerals, including calcium, iron and magnesium were reported. Intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamins A, B\u20106, B\u201012, C and manganese and zinc were above\u2010adequate (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Low EA, low body fat and micronutrient deficiencies are common among RG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2014.969323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T08:44:39Z","timestamp":1413449079000},"page":"591-599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Low energy availability and low body fat of female gymnasts before an international competition"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"M.\u2010R. G.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine Medical Faculty of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences University Fernando Pessoa Oporto Portugal"},{"name":"Scientific Commission of the National School of Gymnastics Gymnastics Federation of Portugal Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre for Anthropology and Health University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine Medical Faculty of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"CENC Sleep Medicine Center Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821ece12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005\u20102314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"VO2max, ventilatory and anaerobic thresholds in rhythmic gymnasts and young female dancers","volume":"41","author":"Baldari C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470693766.ch45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"705","article-title":"The dietary assessment of individuals, methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations","volume":"57","author":"Bingham S.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Scientific aspects of women's gymnastics","author":"Borms J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010008\u20100815\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.11.2372"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.19.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010200003000\u201000017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.3.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline","author":"Food and Nutrition Board\/Institute of Medicine","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids","author":"Food and Nutrition Board\/Institute of Medicine","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc","author":"Food and Nutrition Board\/Institute of Medicine","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"Food and Nutrition Board\/Institute of Medicine. 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