{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T21:10:31Z","timestamp":1707426631441},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In white\u2010water kayaking, the legs play a vital part in turning, stabilising and bracing actions. To date, there has been no reported information on neuromuscular activation of the legs in an authentic white\u2010water environment. The aim of the current study was to identify lower body muscle activation, using \u2018in\u2010boat\u2019 electromyography (EMG), whilst navigating a white\u2010water run. Ten experienced male kayakers (age 31.5 \u00b1 12.5 yr, intermediate to advanced experience) completed three successful runs of an international standard white\u2010water course (grade 3 rapids), targeting right and left sides of the course, in a zigzag formation. Surface EMG (sEMG) outputs were generated, bilaterally, for the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius, expressed as a percentage of a dynamic maximal voluntary contraction (dMVC). Only RF showed significantly higher activation than any muscle on the left side of the body, and only on the left side of the course (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004; ETA<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.56). Other results showed no significant difference between muscle activation in the right and left legs during each run, nor when assessed at either the right or left side of the course (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05). These findings indicate that contralateral symmetry in lower limb muscle activation is evident during white\u2010water kayaking. This symmetry may provide a stable base to allow more asymmetrical upper body and trunk movements to be fully optimised. Lower body symmetry development should be considered useful in targeted training programmes for white\u2010water kayakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1188993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T09:55:12Z","timestamp":1464947712000},"page":"1130-1136","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The lower body muscle activation of intermediate to experienced kayakers when navigating white water"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Misha","family":"Murtagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darrell","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of Salford Manchester England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440\u20102440(03)80022\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Anthropometric\u2010somatotype and strength profiles and on\u2010water performance in Turkish Elite Kayakers","volume":"20","author":"Akca F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Sports Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12283\u2010008\u20100011\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11044\u2010010\u20109189\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Critical appraisal and hazards of surface electromyography data acquisition in sport and exercise","volume":"1","author":"Clarys J. P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"Fleming N. Bonne B. &Mahony N.(2007).Electromyographic and kinesological analysis of the kayak stroke: Comparison of on\u2010water and on\u2010Erogometer data across exercise intensity. 12th Annual congress of the ECSS Jyvaskyla Finland."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14257\/ijbsbt.2014.6.5.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332\u2010010\u20100093\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Lok Y. L.(2013).Biomechanics study in sprint kayaking using simulator and on\u2010water measurement instrumentation: An overview. Proceedings of the 3rd Malaysian postgraduate conference Sydney Australia 216\u2013223."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768\u2010198023000\u201000010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Mathew B. Lauder M. &Dyson R.(2010).Activation and contribution of trunk and leg musculature to force production during on water spring kayak performance. 28th international conference on biomechanics in sport Marquette Michigan."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.655303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140902745019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"New devices for measuring forces on the kayak foot\u2010bar and on the seat during flat\u2010water kayak paddling","volume":"7","author":"Nilsson J. 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(unpublished master's thesis) The Swedish School of Sports and Health Science Sweden."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17461391.2016.1188993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T20:43:00Z","timestamp":1707424980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/17461391.2016.1188993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17461391.2016.1188993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2016.1188993","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1391","1536-7290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1391","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"}]}}