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Twenty\u2010two studies were included in the meta\u2010analysis based on the following criteria: (i)\u00a0cooling\u00a0was performed before exercise with ICE or CWI; (ii) exercise longer than 6\u2005min was performed in ambient temperature \u226526\u00b0C; and (iii) crossover study design with a non\u2010cooling passive control condition. CWI improved performance measures (weighted average effect size in Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> [95% confidence interval] + 0.53 [0.28; 0.77]) and resulted in greater increase (\u0394EX) in <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>skin<\/jats:sub> (+4.15 [3.1; 5.21]) during exercise, while lower peak <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> (\u22120.93 [\u22121.18; \u22120.67]), WBS (\u22120.74 [\u22121.18; \u22120.3]), and TS (\u22120.5 [\u22120.8; \u22120.19]) were observed without concomitant changes in \u0394EX\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> (+0.19 [\u22120.22; 0.6]), peak <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>skin<\/jats:sub> (\u22120.67 [\u22121.52; 0.18]), peak HR (\u22120.14 [\u22120.38; 0.11]), and RPE (\u22120.14\u00a0[\u22120.39; 0.12]). ICE had no clear effect on performance measures (+0.2 [\u22120.07; 0.46]) but resulted in greater \u0394EX\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> (+1.02 [0.59; 1.45]) and \u0394EX\u2010<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>skin<\/jats:sub> (+0.34 [0.02; 0.67]) without concomitant changes in peak <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>core<\/jats:sub> (\u22120.1\u00a0[\u22120.48; 0.28]), peak <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>skin<\/jats:sub> (+0.1 [\u22120.22; 0.41]), peak HR (+0.08 [\u22120.19; 0.35]), WBS (\u22120.12 [\u22120.42; 0.18]), TS\u00a0(\u22120.2 [\u22120.49; 0.1]), and RPE (\u22120.01 [\u22120.33; 0.31]). From both ergogenic and thermoregulatory perspectives, CWI may\u00a0be more effective than ICE as a precooling treatment prior to exercise in the heat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2017.1405077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,26]],"date-time":"2017-11-26T12:30:18Z","timestamp":1511699418000},"page":"170-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Ergogenic effects of precooling with cold water immersion and ice ingestion: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hui C.","family":"Choo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR) School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Dr Joondalup WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Nosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR) School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Dr Joondalup WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah J.","family":"Peiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Exercise Science Murdoch University 90 South St Murdoch WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Ihsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre ASPETAR \u2013 Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital P.O. Box 29222 Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-5542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris R.","family":"Abbiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR) School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Dr Joondalup WA Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102013\u2010092928"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010199707000\u201000014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210100410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256\u2010199826020\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u201046.6.592"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00822.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choo H. 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