{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:09:21Z","timestamp":1790676561600,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Czech Science Foundation (GACR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project no. 16-14133Y"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project no. 16-14133Y"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biophysical loading of the elbow and wrist is a potential reason for chronic lesions in gymnastics and present a real concern for coaches, scientist and clinicians. Previous research has identified injury risk factors during round\u2010off (RO) skills in elite female gymnasts. The aim of this study was to investigate key elbow and wrist joint injury risk factors during different techniques of fundamental cartwheel (CW) and RO skills performed by young female artistic gymnasts. Seventeen active young female gymnasts performed 30 successful trials of both CW and RO from a hurdle step with three different hand positions (parallel (10), T\u2010shape (10) and reverse (10)). Synchronised kinematic (240\u2005Hz) and kinetic (1200\u2005Hz) data were collected for each trial. One\u2010way repeated measures ANOVA and effect size (ES) were used for statistical analysis. The results showed statistically significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; .05) and large ES (&gt;0.8) among hand positions for peak vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), peak elbow compression force, peak wrist compression force, elbow internal adduction moment and wrist dorsiflexion angle. In conclusion, the parallel and reverse techniques increase peak VGRF, elbow and wrist compression forces, and elbow internal adduction moment. These differences indicate that the parallel and reverse techniques may increase the potential of elbow and wrist injuries in young gymnasts compared with the T\u2010shape technique; this is of particular importance with the high frequency of the performance of these fundamental skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1424941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T07:54:53Z","timestamp":1516262093000},"page":"423-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Technique selection in young female gymnasts: Elbow and wrist joint loading during the cartwheel and round\u2010off"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1451-5879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Farana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Studies University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-5236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Exell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Studies University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Science University of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-6183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerda","family":"Strutzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Studies University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic"},{"name":"Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3027-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gareth","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Movement Studies University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic"},{"name":"Cardiff School of Sport Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768\u2010200201000\u201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)31261-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509354969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2011.650186"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2010.488298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1466\u2010853X(02)00070\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u20102909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","volume-title":"Vault: Methods, ideas, curiosities, history","author":"Cuk I.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.7.1222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.21.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505284848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300062001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2014.895034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1158414"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.52165\/sgj.7.2.5-13","article-title":"Effect of different hand positions on elbow loading during the round off in male gymnastics: A case study","volume":"7","author":"Farana R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science of Gymnastics Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.658843"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278\u20105919(05)70104\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0749\u20108063(89)90008\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062\u20106050\u201050.7.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659202000115"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"254","article-title":"Injury patterns of female competitive club gymnasts","volume":"15","author":"Lindner K. 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