{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:47:57Z","timestamp":1790768877681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>: The aim of this study was to define the minimum amount of exercise per week (\u2018current exposure\u2019) and the total amount of exercise (\u2018lifetime exposure\u2019) needed to lead to the electrocardiographic changes fitting athlete's heart. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>: All the pre\u2010participation screenings (including electrocardiograms (ECGs)) from collegiate athletes performed at University Sports Medical Center in 2013 and 2014 were collected. Data on height, weight, sex, age, current sport(s) participation and lifetime sport(s) participation were collected. Current exposure was categorised into 0\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u201310 and &gt;10 hours\/week. Lifetime sport exposure was divided into five categories: 0\u20131000, 1001\u20132000, 2001\u20133000, 3001\u20134000 and &gt;4000 hours. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: The study population consisted of 1229 athletes (current exposure) and 1104 athletes (lifetime exposure). <jats:italic>Current sport exposure<\/jats:italic>: There was a significant increase in training\u2010related ECG changes in the category 3\u20136 vs. &lt;3 hours\/week. When looking at individual parameters, we found an association with a significant difference in sinus bradycardia and QRS voltage (&lt;3 vs. 3\u20136 hours\/week) and first\u2010degree AV\u2010block (&lt;3 vs. &gt;10 hours\/week).<jats:italic>Lifetime sport exposure<\/jats:italic>: There was an increase in training\u2010related ECG changes that reached significance at an exposure &gt;3000 hours. When looking at individual parameters, we found an association with a significant difference in sinus bradycardia (0\u20131000 vs. 2001\u20133000), QRS voltage (0\u20131000 vs. 3001\u20134000) and first\u2010degree AV\u2010block (0\u20131000 vs. &gt;4000). <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: A minimum of \u22653 hours\/week of current exposure and a lifetime exposure of &gt;3000 hours is needed to lead to the electrocardiographic changes fitting athlete's heart.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2018.1441910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T06:45:18Z","timestamp":1520923518000},"page":"587-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The electrocardiographic manifestations of athlete's heart and their association with exercise exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Bram","family":"Bessem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthijs C.","family":"De Bruijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wybe","family":"Nieuwland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Zwerver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Van Den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology and Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv591"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102012\u2010092067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102012\u2010092068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.12.1455"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009148"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Electrocardiographic patterns in African university strength and endurance athletes of Zulu descent","volume":"55","author":"Grace J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20108703(72)90329\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.962852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl\u20102011\u2010301329"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riding N. R. Salah O. Sharma S. Carre F. George K. P. Farooq A. &Wilson M. G.(2013). ECG and morphologic adaptations in Arabic athletes: Are the European society of cardiology's recommendations for the interpretation of the 12\u2010lead ECG appropriate for this ethnicity?British Journal of Sports Medicine doi:10.1136\/bjsports\u20102012\u2010091871.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8802624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.33.5.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102012\u2010091874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102014\u2010093919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.082743"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17461391.2018.1441910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T22:20:23Z","timestamp":1707430823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/17461391.2018.1441910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17461391.2018.1441910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2018.1441910","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1391","1536-7290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1391","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"}]}}