{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:33:30Z","timestamp":1761060810755,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optimizing joint stiffness through appropriate muscular activation is crucial for maintaining stability and preventing injury. Conditioning techniques may affect joint stability by increasing joint stiffness and altering neuromuscular control; however no studies have assessed this in a controlled setting. Fifteen endurance athletes, 12 power athletes, and 15 control subjects sat on a stiffness device that generated a rapid knee flexion perturbation and were instructed to react to the perturbation. Main outcome measures included short\u2010range (0\u20134\u00b0) and long range (0\u201340\u00b0) stiffness and muscle activation from quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Stiffness results revealed greater short\u2010range stiffness in endurance athletes (0.057 \u00b1 0.012\u00a0Nm\/deg\/kg) than controls (0.047 \u00b1 0.008\u00a0Nm\/deg\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.021); while passive long\u2010range stiffness was greater in power (0.0020 \u00b1 0.001\u2005nm\/deg\/kg) than endurance athletes (0.0016 \u00b1 0.001\u2005nm\/deg\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.016). Endurance athletes had greater reactive stiffness (0.051 \u00b1 0.017\u2005nm\/deg\/kg) than control (0.033 \u00b1 0.011\u2005nm\/deg\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and power (0.037 \u00b1 0.015\u2005nm\/deg\/kg, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.044) groups. Endurance athletes also displayed greater quadriceps activity during passive and reactive conditions (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.050) compared to power athletes and controls. These findings suggest that power\u2010based training history may be associated with greater passive joint stiffness across the full range of motion, while endurance\u2010based training could positively influence reactive muscular characteristics, as well as resting muscle tone. These unique variations in stiffness regulation could be beneficial to programmes for prevention and rehabilitation of joint injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1627421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T07:39:24Z","timestamp":1559547564000},"page":"191-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reactive knee stiffening strategies between various conditioning histories"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"D Craig","family":"Oates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Athletics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3574-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan R.","family":"Needle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health &amp; Exercise Science Appalachian State University Boone NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology University of Delaware Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd D.","family":"Royer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology University of Delaware Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9701-2005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C Buz","family":"Swanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology &amp; Applied Physiology University of Delaware Newark DE USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508328107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201023376\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.014381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1999.29.8.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12315"},{"volume-title":"Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographyer: The Limbs and Trunk","year":"2011","author":"Delagi E. 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