{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:08:02Z","timestamp":1778702882530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001077","name":"Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EC00172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC00172"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001077","name":"Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HREC\/16\/QRBW\/545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HREC\/16\/QRBW\/545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001077","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001796","name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EC00297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EC00297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001796","name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S\/16\/959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S\/16\/959"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polynesian individuals are leaner with greater musculature than Caucasians of an equivalent size, and this genetically different morphology provides a physique that is often compatible with success in a number of sports, including rugby union. Evidence indicates that Polynesians have greater stores of absolute and relative abdominal fat mass and this is known to confer cardiometabolic risk. The aims of this study were to (1) explore the relationship between ethnicity, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and cardiometabolic disease risk markers in elite Caucasian and Polynesian rugby union athletes, and (2) assess the impact of a pre\u2010season training programme on these markers. Twenty\u2010two professional rugby union athletes of Caucasian (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11) and Polynesian (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11) descent underwent physique assessment via surface anthropometry, dual\u2010energy <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic>\u2010ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging before and after an 11\u2010week pre\u2010season. A fasted blood test was undertaken at both time points. Compared to Caucasians, at baseline Polynesians displayed significantly higher VAT (771 \u00b1 609\u2005cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs 424 \u00b1 235\u2005cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.043), triglycerides (1.0 \u00b1 0.9\u2005mmol\/L vs 0.6 \u00b1 0.2\u2005mmol\/L; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.050), and low\u2010density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.1 \u00b1 0.9\u2005mmol\/L vs 2.3 \u00b1 0.7\u2005mmol\/L; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.019). Similar changes were observed in both groups over the pre\u2010season period in VAT and blood biochemical markers. Polynesian rugby union athletes were more likely than Caucasians to exhibit risk factors associated with cardiometabolic disease, such as elevated VAT and unfavourable lipid profiles. Further longitudinal research is required to identify and explain the short\u2010 and long\u2010term risk of cardiometabolic disease in athletes of Polynesian descent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1656291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1565761270000},"page":"691-702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differences in visceral adipose tissue and biochemical cardiometabolic risk markers in elite rugby union athletes of Caucasian and Polynesian descent"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4212-3300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam J.","family":"Zemski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley E.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Broad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Paralympics, US Olympic Committee Chula Vista CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damian J.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiji Rugby Union Suva Fiji"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Hind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences Durham University Durham United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kylie J.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Slater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Sport Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11597140-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2007.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2014-0447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199710)104:2<201::AID-AJPA6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000650"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1695-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0298-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0608-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.484113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200309000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0807-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38740.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-016-0092-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.2013-0228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","volume-title":"Anthropometrica","author":"Norton K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026404101750158312"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508207221"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.111203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2011-090506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801053"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2005.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2018.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-018-0491-9"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17461391.2019.1656291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T15:36:13Z","timestamp":1707406573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/17461391.2019.1656291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17461391.2019.1656291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2019.1656291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1746-1391","1536-7290"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1746-1391","type":"print"},{"value":"1536-7290","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tejs20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2019-09-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}