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Core (gastro\u2010intestinal) and skin temperatures were recorded continuously from 4\u00a0national team skiers representing 18 training\u2010sessions for a total of 83 ski runs (average ambient temperature 1.9\u00b0C). Shivering responses were estimated from quadriceps and hamstrings EMG recordings during 77 chairlifts. Temperature responses were also obtained from 6 accompanying staffs representing 16 training\u2010sessions (passive in 10 cases, following the skiers in 6 cases). Core temperature of the skiers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) but not the staff (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .103) increased during training and was higher in skiers than staff after one\u2010third of the training session (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .006). Conversely, average skin temperature of the skiers decreased during training (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and was lower in skiers than staff for the second half of the training. Muscle activity during chairlifts remained below 1% and there was no meaningful shivering. Muscle activity decreased whilst mean and median power frequency increased during the chairlift (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .020). Muscle activity was also lower during the last lift than the first one whilst mean and median power frequency were higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .020). In conclusion, skin temperature decreased during Slalom and Giant Slalom in elite alpine skiers, likely due to the limited insulative capacity of the racing suit and the high velocity increasing convective heat loss. Conversely, core temperature increased during the training session suggesting that the metabolic heat production was larger than the convective heat loss, and was also sufficient to maintain homeostasis without shivering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1754470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T05:10:07Z","timestamp":1586409007000},"page":"400-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thermoregulation and shivering responses in elite alpine skiers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-6051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marine","family":"Alhammoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"French Ski Federation Annecy France"},{"name":"Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5860-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha","family":"Oksa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Workability and working Careers Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Oulu Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baptiste","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter\u2010University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424) Savoie Mont\u2010Blanc University Chamb\u00e9ry France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universitat zu Kiel Medizinische Fakultat Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chastan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Ski Federation Annecy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0348-4744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastien","family":"Racinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance French Institute of Sport (INSEP) Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20109\u201046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00864225"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.6.2336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"The thermal homeostasis of man","volume":"18","author":"Benzinger T. 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