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The present study aimed to analyse the effect of anodal\u2010tDCS on endurance (time to exhaustion [TTE] or endurance time trial [ETT]) and sprint performance during cycling and running tasks. We performed a systematic literature review in the databases Medline (via PubMed), SPORTDiscus and Science Direct. We included only randomised controlled trials conducted with healthy individuals in which an anodal\u2010tDCS protocol was applied prior to cycling or running tests. The effect of anodal\u2010tDCS (experimental condition) was compared against sham stimulation (control condition). A total of 15\u00a0interventions from 13 studies were included. The sub\u2010group analysis revealed a positive effect of anodal\u2010tDCS on TTE (standardised mean differences [SMD] = 0.37; 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13, 0.61; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), but not on ETT (SMD = 0.00; 90% CI = \u22120.29, 0.30; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 1.00) or sprint performance (SMD = 0.19; 90% CI = \u22120.23, 0.60; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.46). The current meta\u2010analysis suggests that the effect of anodal\u2010tDCS on whole\u2010body dynamic exercises (running and cycling) could be task dependent. Specifically, anodal\u2010tDCS enhance running and cycling time to exhaustion performance during TTE tasks but not ETT or sprint tasks. The increase in cortical excitability induced by anodal\u2010tDCS may lead to lower ratings of perceived exertion by reducing the input required to perform the physical task. Task should be taken into account, because it is probably influencing the result obtained by anodal\u2010tDCS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1856933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T09:33:07Z","timestamp":1607333587000},"page":"113-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cycling and running performance. 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