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Reduced motor unit (MU) output is a hypothesised mechanism for persistent strength deficits. The objective of this study was to determine MU characteristics of thigh musculature and determine how they change with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury compared to healthy controls. A randomised protocol of knee flexion\/extension isometric contractions (10\u201350% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) was performed for each leg with surface EMG 5\u2010pin array electrodes placed on the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and biceps femoris. Longitudinal assessments for average rate coding, recruitment thresholds and MU action potentials were acquired at 6\u2010month intervals. With exception of the vastus medialis, all thigh musculature of ACL\u2010injured demonstrated smaller MU action potential peak\u2010to\u2010peak amplitude. For average rate coding, ACL\u2010injured demonstrated lower coding rates than Controls for the quadriceps (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05) and higher rates than Controls for the hamstrings (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). These MU characteristics were different from Controls after ACL reconstruction up to 12\u00a0months post\u2010surgery, yet maximal strength increased during this time frame. As thigh MU characteristics are known across phases of ACL rehabilitation, future studies can assess these patterns of motor control and their potential to determine risk of re\u2010injury. Further, future rehabilitation can target specific intervention programmes to restore motor control.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Highlights<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Motor unit strategies of arthrogenic muscle inhibition are characterised for the first time via decomposed EMG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Motor unit deficits of thigh musculature persist throughout all phases of ACL rehabilitation, even after return\u2010to\u2010sport.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>After ACL injury, motor unit sizes at similar recruitment thresholds were smaller than those of healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2056520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T08:42:23Z","timestamp":1647852143000},"page":"840-850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Arthrogenic muscle inhibition manifests in thigh musculature motor unit characteristics after anterior cruciate ligament injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Schilaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery &amp; Brain Repair University of South Florida Tampa FL USA"},{"name":"Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Research University of South Florida Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"April L.","family":"McPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"United States Olympic &amp; Paralympic Committee Colorado Springs CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1597-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine Natick MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2723-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel A.","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13111"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of a resistance training program on average motor unit firing rates","volume":"65","author":"Beck T. 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