{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:44:48Z","timestamp":1793832288776,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"GA2LEN"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to examine lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and exercise\u2010induced respiratory symptoms in elite athletes performing different sports. Norwegian national\u2010team athletes (30 swimmers, 32 cross\u2010country skiers, 16 speed\u2010skaters, 11 rowers\/paddlers, 17 handball players and 23 soccer players) completed a validated questionnaire, measured exhaled nitric oxide (FE\n                    <jats:sub>NO<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), spirometry, methacholine provocation (PD\n                    <jats:sub>20met<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and skin prick test. Three cut\u2010off levels defined BHR; i.e. PD\n                    <jats:sub>20met<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u22642\u2005\u00b5mol, \u22644\u2005\u00b5mol and \u22648\u2005\u00b5mol. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was highest in swimmers (Mean z\u2010score[95%CI] \u2009=\u20091.16 [0.80, 1.51]), and close to or higher than reference values according to the Global Lung Initiative equation, across all sports. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1\u2005s (FEV\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was higher than reference values in swimmers (0.48 [0.13, 0.84]), and ball game athletes (0.69 [0.41, 0.97]). Mean forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF\n                    <jats:sub>25\u201375<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and\/or FEV\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/FVC were lower than reference values in all endurance groups. BHR defined by \u22642 and \u22648\u2005\u00b5mol methacholine was observed in respectively 50%\u201387% of swimmers, 25%\u201347% of cross\u2010country skiers, 20%\u201353% of speed\u2010skaters, 18%\u201336% of rowers\/paddlers, and 0%\u201317% of the ball game athletes. Exercise\u2010induced symptoms were common in all groups, most frequent in cross\u2010country skiers (88%), swimmers (83%) and speed\u2010skaters (81%).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2113144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T02:57:37Z","timestamp":1660705057000},"page":"1480-1489","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Differences in lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory health between elite athletes competing in different sports"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Guro P.","family":"Bernhardsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"},{"name":"R&amp;D department Division of Mental Health Services Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Stang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Medicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Stensrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000231002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20132600(18)30529\u20130"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406\u2013710ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06020237"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20132600(18)30099\u20137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318193c663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09\u20131689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00117708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1407552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201602\u2013112AW"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256\u2013198806050\u201300002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2015.1067321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.31.4.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1806\u201337562015000000050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120\u201311ST"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102011\u2013090814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398\u20139995.2008.01686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2013016\u20130491\u20133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00069603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.09.023"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"2269","article-title":"Respiratory adaptations in different types of sport","volume":"19","author":"Lazovic B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2013020\u201301334\u20134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2014.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00034805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"NAAF. 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