{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:43:22Z","timestamp":1785815002056,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]],"date-time":"2022-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have concluded that wide variance in changes in insulin sensitivity markers following exercise training demonstrates heterogeneity in individual trainability. However, these studies frequently don't account for technical, biological, and random within\u2010subject measurement error. We used the standard deviation of individual responses (SD<jats:sub>IR<\/jats:sub>) to determine whether interindividual variability in trainability exists for fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity outcomes following low\u2010volume sprint interval training (SIT). We pooled data from 63 untrained participants who completed 6 weeks of SIT (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200949; VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max: 35 (7) mL\u22c5kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) or acted as no\u2010intervention controls (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200914; VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max: 34 (6) mL\u22c5kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)\u2010derived measures of insulin sensitivity were measured pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention. SD<jats:sub>IR<\/jats:sub> values were positive and exceeded a small effect size threshold for changes in fasting glucose (SD<jats:sub>IR\u2009<\/jats:sub>=\u20090.27 [95%CI 0.07,0.38] mmol\u22c5L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), 2\u2010h OGTT glucose (SD<jats:sub>IR\u2009<\/jats:sub>=\u20090.89 [0.22,1.23] mmol\u22c5L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), glucose area\u2010under\u2010the\u2010curve (SD<jats:sub>IR\u2009<\/jats:sub>=\u200966.4 [\u221281.5,124.3] mmol\u22c5L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5120min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and The Cederholm Index (SD<jats:sub>IR\u2009<\/jats:sub>=\u20097.2 [\u221216.0,19.0] mg\u22c5l<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u22c5mmol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5mU<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u22c5min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), suggesting meaningful individual responses to SIT, whilst SD<jats:sub>IR<\/jats:sub> values were negative for fasting insulin, fasting insulin resistance and insulin AUC. For all variables, the 95% CIs were wide and\/or crossed zero, highlighting uncertainty about the existence of true interindividual differences in exercise trainability. Only 2\u201322% of participants could be classified as responders or non\u2010responders with more than 95% certainty. Our findings demonstrate it cannot be assumed that variation in changes in insulin sensitivity following SIT is attributable to inherent differences in trainability, and reiterate the importance of accounting for technical, biological, and random error when examining heterogeneity in health\u2010related training adaptations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2124385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T10:07:08Z","timestamp":1662977228000},"page":"1950-1960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exploring interindividual differences in fasting and postprandial insulin sensitivity adaptations in response to sprint interval exercise training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-2977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard S.","family":"Metcalfe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A\u2010STEM) Research Centre Faculty of Science and Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon J.","family":"Gurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen's University Kingston Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels B. J.","family":"Vollaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport University of Stirling Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01037.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2013017\u20134501\u20132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20136823\u20139\u20133"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.1.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20138227(90)90040\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102017\u20130224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102015\u20130449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2013012\u20132460\u20131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00098.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2020.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2013011\u20132254\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102016\u20130253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm\u20102020\u20130855"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00229"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2013017\u20134461\u20136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.6.1487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","unstructured":"Walsh J. 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