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Brain endurance training (BET) describes the systematic repetition of mentally\u2010fatiguing cognitive tasks designed to build resilience to MF and improve endurance performance. Evidence to date shows that mental training <jats:italic>during<\/jats:italic> physical training can benefit post\u2010training exercise performance, however, this concurrent BET approach may not be practical for all settings. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effects of mental training <jats:italic>before<\/jats:italic> physical training (<jats:italic>prior BET<\/jats:italic>) on exercise performance. A randomised control trial design: pre\u2010test, training (BET, control), post\u2010test. During the pre\u2010test and post\u2010test sessions, participants performed a 5\u2010min rhythmic handgrip task requiring the generation of as much force as possible, a 20\u2010min 2\u2010back working memory task, and another 5\u2010min rhythmic handgrip task. Participants were randomly assigned to a BET (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) or control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912). Both groups completed the same submaximal rhythmic handgrip training for five weeks (four sessions per week). The BET group also completed 20\u2010min cognitive training (2\u2010back working memory task, incongruent colour\u2010word Stroop task) before each submaximal exercise training session. Endurance performance improved more (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) following BET (24%) than physical training alone (12%). Compared to the control group, the BET group showed higher prefrontal oxygenation during the post\u2010test exercise tasks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Both groups were characterised by the same exertion, motivation, heart rate, and heart rate variability. Mental training before physical training improves endurance performance greater than physical training alone. The benefits of p<jats:italic>rior BET<\/jats:italic> may be explained, at least in part, by improved prefrontal oxygenation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2022.2153231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T08:02:02Z","timestamp":1670400122000},"page":"1269-1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Prior brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-8046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil","family":"Dallaway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31821f59ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768\u2013198205000\u201300012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010010814\u2013015044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2013295X.108.3.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1996.0247"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20138986.2007.00625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J.(1992). 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