{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1791492526191,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,19]],"date-time":"2023-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001769","name":"Charles Sturt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001769","name":"Charles Sturt University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess the effect of active and passive intra\u2010interval recovery modes in time\u2010efficient high\u2010intensity interval training (HIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, autonomic function, and endothelial function in sedentary middle\u2010aged men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Participants (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200962; age: 49.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.8\u2005y; BMI: 29.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2005kg\u00b7m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) completed the assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness, flow\u2010mediated dilation (FMD) and heart rate variability before being randomly allocated to control (CON;\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200914), moderate intensity continuous training (MICT;\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200915), HIT with passive (P\u2010HIT;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u201015), or active recovery (A\u2010HIT;\n                    <jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u200915). Participants performed thrice weekly exercise sessions for 12 weeks. MICT completed 50\u201360\u2005min of continuous cycling at 60\u201370% heart rate (HR) maximum. HIT completed 30\u2010s work intervals (\u223c85% HR) interspaced with 2.5\u2005min of active or passive recovery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    All exercise modalities increased oxygen uptake (V\u0307O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) (MD:\u2009\u2265\u20093.1\u2005ml\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 95%CI: 1.5\u20134.7\u2005ml\u00b7kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00b7min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.001), power output (MD:\u2009\u2265\u200926 W, 95%CI: 15\u201337 W;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and cycle duration (MD:\u2009\u2265\u200962 s, 95%CI: 36\u201388 s;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.001) at 85% HRM. Significant pre\u2010to\u2010post differences were observed among all exercise groups for FMD (MD:\u2009\u2265\u20093.4%, 95%CI: 0.3\u20136.5%;\n                    <jats:italic>P\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;\u20090.05), while MICT and P\u2010HIT significantly increased the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) pre\u2010to\u2010post intervention (MD:\u2009\u2265\u20097\u2005ms, 2\u201313\u2005ms;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Time\u2010efficient HIT elicits significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, FMD and autonomic modulation following a thrice weekly 12\u2010week exercise intervention among sedentary middle\u2010aged men. Active recovery between successive high\u2010intensity intervals provided no additional benefit among this deconditioned cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2171908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:42:18Z","timestamp":1674445338000},"page":"1612-1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Moderate continuous\u2010 and high\u2010intensity interval training elicit comparable cardiovascular effect among middle\u2010aged men regardless of recovery mode"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blake E. 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