{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:35:34Z","timestamp":1792103734834,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"German Federal Institute of Sports Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007323","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Sportwissenschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZMVI4-072002\/21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZMVI4-072002\/21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak) and speed at first (LT1, minimal lactate equivalent) and second lactate threshold (LT2\u2009=\u2009LT1\u2009+1.5\u2005mmol\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) are crucial swimming performance surrogates. The present randomized controlled study investigated the effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) during low\u2010intensity swimming (LiT) on VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak, LT1, and LT2. Eighteen male swimmers (22.7\u2009\u00b13.0 yrs; 69.9\u2009\u00b18.5\u2005kg; 1.8\u2009\u00b10.1\u2005m) were either assigned to the BFR or control (noBFR) group. While BFR was applied during LiT, noBFR completed the identical LIT without BFR application. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (75% of occlusion pressure: 135\u2009\u00b110\u00a0mmHg; 8\u2005cm cuff width). BFR training took place three times a week over 5 weeks (accumulated weekly net BFR training: 60\u2005min\u00b7week<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; occlusion per session: 2\u2010times 10\u2005min\u00b7session<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and was used exclusively at low intensities. VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak, LT1, and LT2 diagnostics were employed. Bayesian credible intervals revealed notable VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak improvements by +0.29\u00a0L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (95% credible interval: \u22120.26 to +0.85\u00a0L\u00b7min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) when comparing BFR vs. noBFR. Speed at LT1 \u22120.01\u2005m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (\u22120.04 to +0.02\u2005m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and LT2 \u22120.01\u2005m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (\u22120.03 to +0.02\u2005m\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) did not change meaningfully when BFR was employed. Fifteen sessions of LIT swimming (macrocycle of 5\u2005h over 5 weeks) with a weekly volume of 60\u2005min with BFR application adds additional impact on VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak improvement compared to noBFR LIT swimming. Occasional BFR applications should be considered as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained swimmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2180671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T18:26:22Z","timestamp":1676312782000},"page":"1622-1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Low\u2010intensity swimming with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases VO<sub>2<\/sub>peak: A randomized controlled trial using Bayesian informative prior distribution"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1004-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steffen","family":"Held","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department of Fitness and Health IST University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Rappelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"},{"name":"Department of Movement and Training Science University of Wuppertal Wuppertal Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Philip","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7059-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics German Sport University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Wiedenmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications German Sport University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilka","family":"Staub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Professional Sport Education and Sport Qualifications German Sport University Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Donath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training German Sport University Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2020.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v076.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015\u20130227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-76442-4_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20131716.1993.tb09554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078\u2013012\u20130029\u20131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Floco P. &Bernabei L.(2022). 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