{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:47:49Z","timestamp":1790812069673,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>According to ideomotor theory, actions become linked to the sensory feedback they contingently produce, so that anticipating the feedback automatically evokes the action it typically results from. Numerous recent studies have provided evidence in favour of such action\u2013effect learning but left an important issue unresolved. It remains unspecified to what extent action\u2013effect learning is based on associating effect-representations to representations of the performed movements or to representations of the targets at which the behaviour aimed at. Two experiments were designed to clarify this issue. In an acquisition phase, participants learned the contingency between key presses and effect tones. In a following test phase, key\u2013effect and movement\u2013effect relations were orthogonally assessed by changing the hand\u2013key mapping for one half of the participants. Experiment 1 showed precedence for target\u2013effect over movement\u2013effect learning in a forced-choice RT task. In Experiment 2, target\u2013effect learning was also shown to influence the outcome of response selection in a free-choice task. Altogether, the data indicate that both movement\u2013effect and target\u2013effect associations contribute to the formation of action\u2013effect linkages\u2014provided that movements and targets are likewise contingently related to the effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902922079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,20]],"date-time":"2009-06-20T14:25:49Z","timestamp":1245507949000},"page":"2433-2449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Movements or targets: What makes an action in action\u2013effect learning?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Joachim","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lenhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albrecht","family":"Sebald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Pfister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1971.10734898"},{"key":"bibr2-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.30.2.365"},{"key":"bibr3-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-002-0090-9"},{"key":"bibr4-17470210902922079","author":"Bernstein N.","year":"1967","journal-title":"The co-ordination and regulation of movement"},{"key":"bibr5-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.33.6.1269"},{"key":"bibr6-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.4.1015"},{"key":"bibr7-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01230106"},{"key":"bibr8-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.11.4.520"},{"key":"bibr9-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.16.1.40"},{"key":"bibr10-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1895-0"},{"key":"bibr11-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.33.1.1"},{"key":"bibr12-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724990244000223"},{"key":"bibr13-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-004-0175-8"},{"key":"bibr14-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724980443000610"},{"key":"bibr15-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210601154388"},{"key":"bibr16-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2003.12.006"},{"key":"bibr17-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.27.1.229"},{"key":"bibr18-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-003-0151-8"},{"key":"bibr19-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1162"},{"key":"bibr20-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0029960"},{"key":"bibr21-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028689"},{"key":"bibr22-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1983.10735303"},{"key":"bibr23-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.17.1.246"},{"key":"bibr24-17470210902922079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198510697.003.0033","author":"Hazeltine E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Common mechanisms in perception and action. 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