{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:09:53Z","timestamp":1793333393166,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Adults evaluate others based on their speech, yet little is known of the developmental trajectory by which accent attitudes are acquired. Here we investigate the development of American children's attitudes about Northern- and Southern-accented American English. Children in Illinois (the \u201cNorth\u201d) and Tennessee (the \u201cSouth\u201d) evaluated the social desirability, personality characteristics, and geographic origins of Northern- and Southern-accented individuals. Five- to 6-year-old children in Illinois preferred the Northern-accented speakers as potential friends, yet did not demonstrate knowledge of any stereotypes about the different groups; 5\u20136-year-old children in Tennessee did not show a preference towards either type of speaker. Nine- to 10-year-old children in both Illinois and Tennessee evaluated the Northern-accented individuals as sounding \u201csmarter\u201d and \u201cin charge\u201d, and the Southern-accented individuals as sounding \u201cnicer.\u201d Thus, older children endorse similar stereotypes to those observed in adulthood. These accent attitudes develop in parallel across children in different regions and reflect both positive and negative assessments of a child's own group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T05:02:05Z","timestamp":1351573325000},"page":"1146-1158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Northern = smart and Southern = nice: The development of accent attitudes in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Katherine D.","family":"Kinzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine M.","family":"DeJesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-17470218.2012.731695","author":"Aboud F.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Children and prejudice"},{"key":"bibr2-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002184015001001"},{"key":"bibr3-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00371"},{"key":"bibr4-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040913"},{"key":"bibr5-17470218.2012.731695","author":"Behrend D.A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Children's trust of foreign language speakers during word learning"},{"key":"bibr6-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910967107"},{"key":"bibr7-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.3.572"},{"key":"bibr8-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0271-5309(94)90001-9"},{"key":"bibr9-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014619"},{"key":"bibr10-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2011.05.005"},{"key":"bibr11-17470218.2012.731695","author":"Cohen E.","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"key":"bibr12-17470218.2012.731695","author":"Davey A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Learning to be prejudiced"},{"key":"bibr13-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3586806"},{"key":"bibr14-17470218.2012.731695","first-page":"357","author":"Fiske S.T.","year":"1998","journal-title":"The handbook of social psychology"},{"key":"bibr15-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025409103871"},{"key":"bibr16-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470757000.ch7"},{"key":"bibr17-17470218.2012.731695","author":"Giles H.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Language in anthropology. 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(1983). Sociolinguistics and linguistic value judgements. In TrudgillP. (Ed.), On dialect: Social and geographical perspectives (pp. 201\u2013225). New York: New York University Press."},{"key":"bibr54-17470218.2012.731695","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01502.x"}],"container-title":["Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:59:33Z","timestamp":1777636773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470218.2012.731695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-0218","1747-0226"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-0218","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-0226","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}