{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T22:45:12Z","timestamp":1769553912325,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intercultural Communication Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/17475759.2014.899508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T10:53:28Z","timestamp":1396263208000},"page":"87-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Measuring Communication Styles in the Malaysian Workplace: Instrument Development and Validation"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Hassan Abu","family":"Bakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haslina","family":"Halim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022963232042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730410521831"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Understanding the Malaysian workforce: Guidelines for managers","author":"Abdullah A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abdullah, A. (2001). Influence of ethnic values at the Malaysian workplace. In A. Abdullah & A. Low (Eds.), Understanding the Malaysian workforce: Guidelines for managers (Rev. ed., pp. 1\u201325). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Management."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cultural dimensions of Anglos, Australians and Malaysians","volume":"36","author":"Abdullah A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abdullah, A., & Lim, L. (2001). Cultural dimensions of Anglos, Australians and Malaysians. Malaysian Management Review, 36, 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Malaysian Management Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452274881"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0021886307303654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/255848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/ct\/13.1.5","article-title":"The racial foundation of organizational communication","volume":"13","author":"Ashcraft K. L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ashcraft, K. L., & Allen, B. J. (2003). The racial foundation of organizational communication. Communication Theory, 13, 5\u201338.","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Leadership in the Asian century: Lessons from GLOBE","volume":"5","author":"Ashkanasy N. M.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ashkanasy, N. M. (2002). Leadership in the Asian century: Lessons from GLOBE. International Journal of Organizational Behavior, 5, 150\u2013163.","journal-title":"International Journal of Organizational Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15531180903415939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Matters of communication: Political, cultural, and technological challenges to communication theorizing","author":"Bakar H. A.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakar, H. A., & Mustaffa, C. S. (2011). Understanding the meaning and embodiment of power distance in Malaysian public organization. In T. Kuhn (Ed.), Matters of communication: Political, cultural, and technological challenges to communication theorizing (pp. 197\u2013215). New York, NY: Hampton Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13563281311294146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0893318913492564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13563280910931054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.55.6.1009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","author":"Central Intelligence Agency","year":"2013","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency. (2013). The world factbook. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/my.html","journal-title":"The world factbook"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/02621710210434656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730610666000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions","author":"Creswell J. W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"DeVellis R. F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"DeVellis, R. F. (2011). Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17475750903381598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002194367701400306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.89.6.960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/job.365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00909882.2011.556136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","volume-title":"Auditing organizational communication systems: The ICA communication audit","author":"Goldhaber G. M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Goldhaber, G. M., & Rogers, D. P. (1979). Auditing organizational communication systems: The ICA communication audit. Dubuque: Kendall\/Hunt."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0893318903257980"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-9516(01)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","volume-title":"Multivariate analysis: A global perspective","author":"Hair J. F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate analysis: A global perspective (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.","edition":"7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014920639502100509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109442819800100106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","volume-title":"Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","volume-title":"Culture\u2019s consequences, comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hofstede, G. (2003). Culture\u2019s consequences, comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","volume-title":"Culture and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance of survival","author":"Hofstede G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2004). Culture and organizations: Software of the mind: Intercultural cooperation and its importance of survival. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2010.499367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002185016002001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Organizational citizenship behavior in concern of communication satisfaction","volume":"5","author":"Kandlosi N. S. E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kandlosi, N. S. E., Ali, A. J., & Abdollahi, A. (2010). Organizational citizenship behavior in concern of communication satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 5, 51\u201361.","journal-title":"International Journal of Business and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03090560210430791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/AME.2002.8540292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","volume-title":"Communication and organizational culture: A key to understanding work experiences","author":"Keyton J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keyton, J. (2010). Communication and organizational culture: A key to understanding work experiences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.1994.tb00343.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline R.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kline, R. (2004). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0893318906295680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2005.tb00329.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014891624018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10490-010-9240-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2063(99)80053-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Budi as the Malay mind","volume":"31","author":"Lim K. H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim, K. H. (2003a). Budi as the Malay mind. International Institute of Asian Research Newsletter, 31, 31\u201331.","journal-title":"International Institute of Asian Research Newsletter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","volume-title":"Budi as the Malay mind: A philosophical study of Malay ways of reasoning and emotion in peribahasa","author":"Lim K. H.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lim, K. H. (2003b). Budi as the Malay mind: A philosophical study of Malay ways of reasoning and emotion in peribahasa. Hamburg: Voss, Markus."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/147059580112005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002194369102800306"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585190903087057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01980.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496406294322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-839X.00042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2006.00004.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824098809359810"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","volume-title":"Issues and cases in cross-cultural Management: An Asian perspective","author":"McLaren M. C.","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLaren, M. C., & Rashid, M. Z. A. (2002). Issues and cases in cross-cultural Management: An Asian perspective. Petaling Jaya: Prentice Hall."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis","author":"Miles M. B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). London: Sage.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Cross-cultural performance feedback in multinational enterprises: Opportunity for organizational learning","volume":"25","author":"Milliman J.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Milliman, J., Taylor, S., & Czaplewski, A. J. (2002). Cross-cultural performance feedback in multinational enterprises: Opportunity for organizational learning. Human Resources Planning Society, 25, 29\u201343.","journal-title":"Human Resources Planning Society"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","volume-title":"A Sanskrit-English dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages","author":"Monier-Williams M.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Monier-Williams, M. (1956). A Sanskrit-English dictionary: Etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002194360203900204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-971X.00169"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Organizational structure and organizational climate as potential predictors of job stress: Evidence from Malaysia","volume":"16","author":"Nasrudin A. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nasrudin, A. M., Ramayah, T., & Beng, Y. C. (2006). Organizational structure and organizational climate as potential predictors of job stress: Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 16, 117\u2013129.","journal-title":"International Journal of Commerce and Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2011.01422.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759909376474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.144.3.293-310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036660"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibusrev.2012.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2005 Association for Business Communication Annual Convention","author":"Salleh M. L.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salleh, M. L. (2005). High\/low context communication. In L. E. Gueldenzoph (Ed.), Proceedings of the 2005 Association for Business Communication Annual Convention (pp. 1\u201311). Irvine, CA: Association for Business Communication."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0729436970160207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5172\/jmo.2006.12.3.251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01437730810916640"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Understanding the Malaysian workforce: Guidelines for managers","author":"Shephard P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shephard, P. (2001). Expats working with Malaysians. In A. Abdullah & A. Low (Eds.), Understanding the Malaysian workforce: Guidelines for managers (Rev. ed., pp. 179\u2013196). Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Management."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10417949009372792"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","first-page":"37","volume-title":"The global intercultural communication reader","author":"Shuter R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shuter, R. (2008). The centrality of culture. In M. K. Asante, Y. Milke, & J. Yin (Eds.), The global intercultural communication reader (pp. 37\u201343). New York, NY: Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.68.4.653"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-1767(98)00028-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108056999806100315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022002187018002002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","volume-title":"Communicating across cultures","author":"Ting-Toomey S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ting-Toomey, S. (2012). Communicating across cultures. New York, NY: Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APJM.0000048715.35108.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amj.2007.28166121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002194369603300203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"Budi-Islam; Its roles in the construction of Malay identity in Malaysia","volume":"1","author":"Wan Husin W. N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wan Husin, W. N. (2011). Budi-Islam; Its roles in the construction of Malay identity in Malaysia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1, 132\u2013142.","journal-title":"International Journal of Humanities and Social Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JRLP.143.1.91-112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Auditing communication in organizations: A standard survey, LTT communication audits","volume":"4","author":"Wiio O. A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wiio, O. A., & Helsila, M. (1974). Auditing communication in organizations: A standard survey, LTT communication audits. Finnish Journal of Business Economics, 4, 303\u2013315.","journal-title":"Finnish Journal of Business Economics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08824096.2012.723271"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03634520600748599"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intercultural Communication Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17475759.2014.899508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:47:45Z","timestamp":1744199265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17475759.2014.899508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17475759.2014.899508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17475759.2014.899508","relation":{},"ISSN":["1747-5759","1747-5767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1747-5759","type":"print"},{"value":"1747-5767","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=rjic20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=rjic20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2013-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-02-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}