{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T23:03:10Z","timestamp":1767740590054,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Enterprise Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2025.2580477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T16:14:02Z","timestamp":1763568842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hierarchical knowledge graph-based QA systems with retrieval-augmented generation"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wan-Chi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","place":["Nanjing, China"]}]},{"given":"Chih-Yung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tamkang University","place":["Taipei, Taiwan"]}]},{"given":"Diptendu","family":"Sinha Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Technology","place":["Shillong, India"]}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","volume-title":"IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology","author":"ANSI\/IEEE","year":"1983","unstructured":"ANSI\/IEEE. 1983. IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology. IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26","author":"Bordes A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bordes, A., N. Usunier, A. Garcia-Duran, J. Weston, and O. Yakhnenko. 2013. \u201cTranslating Embeddings for Modeling Multi-Relational Data.\u201d In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 26, edited by C. J. Burges, L. Bottou, M. Welling, Z. Ghahramani, and K. Q. Weinberger, 21\u201350. Red Hook, NY: Curran Associates, Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2024.2415578"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"4171","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"Devlin J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devlin, J., M.-W. Chang, K. Lee, and K. Toutanova. 2019. \u201cBERT: Pre-Training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.\u201d In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, edited by J. Burstein, C. Doran, and T. Solorio, 4171\u20134186. Stroudsburg, PA: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"A Holistic View of the Knowledge Life Cycle: The Knowledge Management Cycle (KMC) Model","volume":"12","author":"Evans M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Evans, M., K. Dalkir, and C. Bidian. 2014. \u201cA Holistic View of the Knowledge Life Cycle: The Knowledge Management Cycle (KMC) Model.\u201d Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management 12 (2): 85\u201397. http:\/\/www.ejkm.com.","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03927-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"3929","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning","author":"Guu K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guu, K., K. Lee, Z. Tung, P. Pasupat, and M.-W. Chang. 2020. \u201cRealm: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training.\u201d In Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, edited by H. Daum\u00e9 III and A. Singh, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (PMLR), 119, 3929\u20133938."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2023.3341130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2025.acl-long.349"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3437963.3441753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D17-1110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3571730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2212.00959"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-020-00612-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-024-01741-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3171677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6364"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D16-1147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2011.2161094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01101-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2020.102431"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2021.3067655"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/tacl_a_00693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.412"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","article-title":"Transfernet: An Effective and Transparent Framework for Multi-Hop Question Answering over Relation Graph","author":"Shi J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi, J., S. Cao, L. Hou, J. Li, and H. Zhang. 2021. \u201cTransfernet: An Effective and Transparent Framework for Multi-Hop Question Answering over Relation Graph.\u201d In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2021), edited by M.-F. Moens, X. Huang, L. Specia, and S. W.-t. Yih, 4149\u20134158. Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic: Association for Computational Linguistics. ArXiv Preprint arXiv:2104.07302.","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","article-title":"Trust Me, I\u2019m Wrong: High-Certainty Hallucinations in LLMs","author":"Simhi A.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Simhi, A., I. Itzhak, F. Barez, G. Stanovsky, and Y. Belinkov. 2025. \u201cTrust Me, I\u2019m Wrong: High-Certainty Hallucinations in LLMs.\u201d ArXiv Preprint arXiv:2502.12964. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2502.12964.","journal-title":"ArXiv Preprint"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.emnlp-industry.113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","first-page":"3306","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"Sorokin D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sorokin, D., and I. Gurevych. 2018. \u201cModeling Semantics with Gated Graph Neural Networks for Knowledge Base Question Answering.\u201d In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, edited by E. M. Bender, L. Derczynski, and P. Isabelle, 3306\u20133317. Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2024.2417404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2021.1989495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.127141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCC51575.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.acl-long.396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-022-2336-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"Zhang W. 1994. \u201cAn Integrated Environment for CAD\/CAM of Mechanical Systems. Doctoral dissertation Delft The Netherlands: Delft University of Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math13050856"}],"container-title":["Enterprise Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17517575.2025.2580477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T22:58:37Z","timestamp":1767740317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17517575.2025.2580477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17517575.2025.2580477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17517575.2025.2580477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7575","1751-7583"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1751-7575"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1751-7583"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=teis20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=teis20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2025-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2580477"}}