{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T18:02:33Z","timestamp":1779300153601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Digital Earth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2023.2297948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T07:47:01Z","timestamp":1703663221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geographic proximity and homophily effects drive social interactions within VGI communities: an example of iNaturalist"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-2138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography & the Environment, University of Denver, Denver, CO, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3237-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography, Environment, and Society, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, US"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/widm.1178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1458312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brandes U. and T. Erlebach. 2005. Network Analysis: Methodological Foundations. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3418. http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/3540249796.","DOI":"10.1007\/b106453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.999244"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"PACIS 2011-15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: Quality Research in Pacific","author":"Cheong F.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheong, F., and C. Cheong. 2011. \u201cSocial Media Data Mining: A Social Network Analysis of Tweets during the Australian 2010\u20132011 Australian Floods.\u201d In PACIS 2011-15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: Quality Research in Pacific, 1\u201316. Queensland University of Technology."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2011.627058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2011.595657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018962108\/-\/DCSupplemental"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003033707-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2022.2048835"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08944393221130674"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2021.1895850"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-007-9111-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spasta.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1434889"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th Python in Science Conference (SciPy 2008)","author":"Hagberg A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagberg, A., P. Swart, and D. S. Chult. 2008. \u201cExploring Network Structure, Dynamics, and Function Using NetworkX.\u201d In Proceedings of the 7th Python in Science Conference (SciPy 2008), edited by G. Varoquaux, T. Vaught, and J. Millman, 11\u201315. Pasadena, CA, USA, Los Alamos, NM, US: Los Alamos National Lab (LANL)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/bax"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv15d8174.9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/000870410X12911304958827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2008.80"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2017.1330366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gec3.12213"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","unstructured":"iNaturalist. 2022a. \u201cFrequently Asked Questions.\u201d 2022. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/pages\/help#geoprivacy."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","unstructured":"iNaturalist. 2022b. \u201ciNaturalist Observations.\u201d 2022. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/observations."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","unstructured":"iNaturalist. 2022c. \u201ciNaturalist Observations Export.\u201d 2022. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/observations\/export."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","unstructured":"iNaturalist. 2023. \u201cFrequently Asked Questions.\u201d 2023. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/pages\/help#quality."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aimag.v34i1.2431"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Social Media in Disaster Relief: Usage Patterns, Data Mining Tools, and Current Research Directions","author":"Landwehr P. M.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Landwehr, P. M., and K. M. Carley. 2014. Social Media in Disaster Relief: Usage Patterns, Data Mining Tools, and Current Research Directions, 225\u2013257. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2019.101212"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/cstp.108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2015.1018773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Nineth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media","author":"Malik M. M.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malik, M. M., H. Lamba, C. N, and J. Pfeffer. 2015. \u201cPopulation Bias in Geotagged Tweets.\u201d In Nineth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, May 26\u201329, 18\u201327. Oxford, UK."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su141711093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","volume-title":"Social Network Analysis with Applications","author":"McCulloh I.","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCulloh, I., H. Armstrong, and A. Johnson. 2013. Social Network Analysis with Applications. Hoboken, New Jersey, US: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-17114-7_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","unstructured":"PostGIS. 2023. \u201cST_GeometricMedian.\u201d PostGIS Documentation. 2023. https:\/\/postgis.net\/docs\/ST_GeometricMedian.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41109-019-0162-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/CSTP.358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","volume-title":"User Guide to Collection 6 MODIS Land Cover (MCD12Q1 and MCD12C1) Product","author":"Sulla-Menashe D.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sulla-Menashe, D., and M. A. Friedl. 2018. User Guide to Collection 6 MODIS Land Cover (MCD12Q1 and MCD12C1) Product. Sioux Falls, SD, USA. https:\/\/lpdaac.usgs.gov\/documents\/101\/MCD12_User_Guide_V6.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2009.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23299460.2021.2019970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","unstructured":"Tupikina L. F. Schlosser V. Voskresenskii K. Kloppenborg F. Lopez A. Mariz A. Mogilevskaja M. Haklay and B. G. Tzovaras. 2021. \u201ciNaturalist Citizen Science Community during City Nature Challenge: New Computational Approach for Analysis of User Activity.\u201d ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2112.02693."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15468\/ab3s5x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00219266.2020.1739114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2017.1367003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2021.1954086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2021.1935208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2020.1730848"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2021.2001722"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9100597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22224\/gistbok\/2021.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12735"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2018.1501607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12300"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2019.1694403"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Digital Earth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/17538947.2023.2297948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T19:06:41Z","timestamp":1737486401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17538947.2023.2297948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/17538947.2023.2297948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17538947.2023.2297948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-8947","1753-8955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-8947","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-8955","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tjde20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=tjde20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-08-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2297948"}}