{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:14:31Z","timestamp":1793992471235,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Food Additives &amp; Contaminants: Part A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,25]],"date-time":"2011-02-25T13:05:57Z","timestamp":1298639157000},"page":"308-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: a spectrum of potential health consequences"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.A.","family":"Edgar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Colegate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boppr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Molyneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","first-page":"653","volume":"50","author":"Allen JR","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4800(72)90071-8"},{"key":"CIT0003","first-page":"997","volume":"35","author":"Allen JR","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(1998100)186:2<215::AID-PATH145>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.26719\/1998.4.1.142","volume":"4","author":"Altaee MY","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eastern Mediterr Health J."},{"key":"CIT0006","first-page":"1","volume":"56","year":"2001","journal-title":"Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden"},{"key":"CIT0007","volume-title":"National Nutrition Survey","year":"1995"},{"key":"CIT0008","first-page":"179","volume":"2","author":"Azadbakht M","year":"2003","journal-title":"Iranian J Pharm Res"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845932732.0094","volume-title":"Poisonous plants: global research and solutions","author":"Beales K","year":"2007"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049102p"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0480952"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0484531"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf800568u"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700820226"},{"key":"CIT0015","volume-title":"The pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Their chemistry, pathogenicity and other biological properties","author":"Bull LB","year":"1968"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700780215"},{"key":"CIT0017","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Risiokobewertung (BfR). 2007. Salatmischung mit pyrrolizidinalkaloid-haltigem Greiskraut verunreinigt; Stellungnahme Nr. 028\/2007 des BfR vom 10. January 2007 [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Available from:http:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/208\/salatmischung_mit_pyrrolizidinalkaloid_haltigem_geiskraut_verunreinigt.pdf\/"},{"key":"CIT0018","first-page":"1406","year":"1992","journal-title":"132:"},{"key":"CIT0019","unstructured":"Bundesgesetzblatt. 1994. Verordnung des Bundesministers f\u00fcr Gesundheit und \u00f6ffentlicher Dienst vom 5. Mai 1989 betreffend Arzneimittel, die nicht in Verkehr gebracht werden d\u00fcrfen. 555\/1994. Vienna (Austria): Bundesgesetzblatt"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01102990"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711060306"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00005a026"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.1079"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00240-6"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)01258-1"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/7.4.508"},{"key":"CIT0027","first-page":"1577","volume":"34","author":"Chesney CF","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(03)00293-5"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-4526(03)45003-1"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.12.1969","volume":"52","author":"Craig AM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-3092-2"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039709374547","volume":"14","author":"Crews C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Food Addit Contam"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398309530372"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01975096"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(76)90046-6"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00107a018"},{"key":"CIT0038","first-page":"3599","volume":"41","author":"Culvenor CCJ","year":"1969","journal-title":"Aust J Chem"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/CH9701853"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(76)90078-8"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01963553"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.113-a224"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603097"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00248a035"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.835011"},{"key":"CIT0046","first-page":"1192","volume":"169","author":"Dickinson JO","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-403250-7.50025-X","volume-title":"Effects of poisonous plants on livestock","author":"Dickinson JO","year":"1978"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2010.541594"},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07870-5","volume":"10","author":"Eastman DF","year":"1982","journal-title":"Drug Metabol Dispos"},{"key":"CIT0050","first-page":"4","volume":"70","author":"Edgar JA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem Austral"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0114482"},{"key":"CIT0052","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Natural and selected synthetic toxins, biological implications. ACS Symposium Series 745","author":"Edgar JA","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0053","first-page":"76","volume":"45","author":"Er\u00f6ks\u00fcz H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"CIT0054","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). 2007. Opinion of the scientific panel on contaminants in the food chain on a request from the European Commission related to pyrrolizidine alkaloids as undesirable substances in animal feed. EFSA J. 447:1\u201351; [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Available from:http:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/scdocs\/doc\/447.pdf\/"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1071\/BI9600600","volume":"13","author":"Farrington KJ","year":"1960","journal-title":"Aust J Biol Sci"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.35.5.657","volume":"35","author":"Fishman AP","year":"1974","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9781845938338.0208","volume-title":"Risks from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids for livestock and meat quality in northern Australia","author":"Fletcher MT","year":"2011"},{"key":"CIT0060","first-page":"210","volume":"139","author":"Gy\u00f6rika S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098586400100302"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250050508"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.30.4.399"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2007.10.002"},{"key":"CIT0065","first-page":"865","volume":"61","author":"Hirono I","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"CIT0066","first-page":"527","volume":"64","author":"Hirono I","year":"1973","journal-title":"Gann Monogr Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(08)80061-8"},{"key":"CIT0068","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Toxicants of plant origin","volume":"1","author":"Huxtable RJ","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90403-Z"},{"key":"CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13584-0","volume":"14","author":"Huxtable RJ","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"CIT0073","first-page":"405","volume":"56","author":"Jago MV","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)15242-5","volume":"6","author":"Jago MV","year":"1970","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"CIT0075","first-page":"107","volume":"37","author":"Johnson AE","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.26.3.249"},{"key":"CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213304"},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800051"},{"key":"CIT0079","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"Kempf M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"CIT0080","unstructured":"Krell, R. 1996. Value-added products from beekeeping. FAO Agricultural Service Bulletin No. 124; [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Chapter 3. Available from:http:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/w0076E\/w0076e00.HTM\/"},{"key":"CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-94-1-1","volume":"94","author":"Lanigan GW","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(83)90239-4"},{"key":"CIT0083","volume-title":"Chemistry and toxicology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids","author":"Mattocks AR","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(83)90020-3"},{"key":"CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(76)90162-9"},{"key":"CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92341-P"},{"key":"CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.4.437","volume":"127","author":"McDonnell PJ","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06884-X","volume":"22","author":"McLean EK","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"CIT0089","unstructured":"Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). 1995. Surveillance of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey. Joint Food Safety and Standards Group Food Surveillance Information Sheet 52. London (UK): MAFF; [cited 2010 Apr 10]. Available from:http:\/\/archive.food.gov.uk\/maff\/archive\/food\/infsheet\/1995\/no52\/52honey.htm\/"},{"key":"CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molyneux, RJ, Gardner, DL, Colegate, SM and Edgar, JA. 2011. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicity in livestock: a paradigm for human poisoning? Food Addit Contam. 28(3):293\u2013307","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2010.547519"},{"key":"CIT0091","first-page":"94S","volume":"32","author":"Molyneux RJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.01.146","volume":"52","author":"Molyneux RJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"CIT0093","first-page":"201","volume":"30","author":"Molyneux RJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(94)80232-7"},{"key":"CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.5.1082S","volume":"67","author":"M\u00fcller T","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00713384"},{"key":"CIT0097","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2008. Final report on carcinogens background document for riddelliine. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program; [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Available from:http:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/files\/Riddelliine-FINAL_%2811_Aug_2008%29_508.pdf\/"},{"key":"CIT0098","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2009. Candidate substances for 12th RoC. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program; [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Available from:http:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/index.cfm?objectid=BD1A20B5-F1F6-975E-7CF8CBFACF0FC7EF"},{"key":"CIT0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/03062686.1973.11904153","volume":"1","author":"Newberne PM","year":"1973","journal-title":"Plant Food Man"},{"key":"CIT0100","first-page":"129","volume":"49","author":"Nolan JP","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"CIT0101","first-page":"273","volume":"21","author":"Percy J","year":"1971","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"CIT0102","first-page":"381","volume":"70","author":"Peterson JE","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Nat Cancer Inst"},{"key":"CIT0103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711070305"},{"key":"CIT0104","first-page":"159","volume-title":"The biochemistry of copper. Proceedings of the Symposium on Copper in Biological Systems","author":"Porter H","year":"1966"},{"key":"CIT0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(99)00010-1","volume":"443","author":"Prakash AS","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mutation Res"},{"key":"CIT0106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00313029600169264"},{"key":"CIT0107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-9813(01)00071-6"},{"key":"CIT0108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070799"},{"key":"CIT0109","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM). 2007. Risicobeoordeling inzake de Aanwezigheid van Pyrrolzidine Alkaloiden in Honing. Wageningen (the Netherlands): RIVM; [cited 2010 Apr 9]. Available from:http:\/\/www.vwa.nl\/actueel\/bestanden\/fileitem\/22703"},{"key":"CIT0110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1983-0234.ch022"},{"key":"CIT0111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(88)90050-6"},{"key":"CIT0112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(88)80330-5"},{"key":"CIT0113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91649-7"},{"key":"CIT0114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700770220"},{"key":"CIT0115","first-page":"823","volume":"29","author":"Schoental R","year":"1963","journal-title":"Bull Wld Hlth Org"},{"key":"CIT0116","first-page":"2237","volume":"28","author":"Schoental R","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0117","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Plant-associated toxins; agricultural, phytochemical and ecological aspects","author":"Seawright AA","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994108"},{"key":"CIT0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(99)80108-3","volume":"195","author":"Sergi C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"CIT0120","first-page":"104","volume":"8","author":"Shevchenko NK","year":"1971","journal-title":"Veterinariya"},{"key":"CIT0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/56.4.787","volume":"56","author":"Shumaker RC","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"CIT0122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.037"},{"key":"CIT0123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50014a001"},{"key":"CIT0124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1962.tb04033.x"},{"key":"CIT0125","first-page":"219","volume":"1","author":"Steyn DG","year":"1933","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Anim Indust"},{"key":"CIT0126","first-page":"291","volume":"26","author":"Stuart KL","year":"1957","journal-title":"Queensland J Med"},{"key":"CIT0127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(77)80006-0"},{"key":"CIT0128","first-page":"908","volume":"32","author":"Svoboda DJ","year":"1972","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"CIT0129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90727-3"},{"key":"CIT0130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.17.11.849"},{"key":"CIT0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.5.1074S","volume":"67","author":"Tanner MS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"CIT0132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310051095"},{"key":"CIT0133","unstructured":"Van Egmond H, Schothorst R, van den Top H. Forthcoming 2011. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: the Afghanistan incident. Paper presented at: The meeting on pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Brussels. Submitted for publication in Food Addit Contam"},{"key":"CIT0134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.6.476"},{"key":"CIT0135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.11.010"},{"key":"CIT0136","volume-title":"Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Structure and toxicity","author":"Wiedenfeld H","year":"2008"},{"key":"CIT0137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx025605i"},{"key":"CIT0138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.8968"}],"container-title":["Food Additives &amp; Contaminants: Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T00:54:54Z","timestamp":1740963294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19440049.2010.547520","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-0049","1944-0057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-0049","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-0057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}}}