{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T15:37:19Z","timestamp":1772811439883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","funder":[{"name":"Dean\u2019s award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Vaccines &amp; Immunotherapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1553474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T16:26:10Z","timestamp":1547655970000},"page":"995-1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of alcohol skin cleansing on vaccination-associated infections and local skin reactions: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Horace","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6683-8197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyanjali","family":"Mithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7492-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angie","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Taddio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","volume-title":"WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO Document Production Services; 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","volume-title":"Immunisation against infectious disease","author":"Ramsay M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramsay M, ed. Immunisation against infectious disease. London (England): Crown; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","volume-title":"Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases","author":"Hamborsky J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, editors. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases. 13th ed. Washington (DC): Public Health Foundation; 2015.","edition":"13"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","volume-title":"Canadian immunization guide","author":"Public Health Agency of Canada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Canadian immunization guide. Ottawa (Ontario): Public Health Agency of Canada; 2018. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/canadian-immunization-guide.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00229"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90916-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"Routine skin preparation with 70% Isopropyl alcohol swab: is it necessary before an injection? Quasi Study","volume":"12","author":"Khawaja RA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khawaja RA, Sikandar R, Qureshi R, Jareno RJM. Routine skin preparation with 70% Isopropyl alcohol swab: is it necessary before an injection? Quasi Study. Jlumhs. 2013;12(2):109\u2013114.","journal-title":"Jlumhs"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Injection safety best practices development group. best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular needle injections","volume":"81","author":"Hutin Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hutin Y, Hauri A, Chiarello L, Catlin M, Stilwell B, Ghebrehiwet T, Garner J, the Members of the Injection Safety Best Practices Development Group. Injection safety best practices development group. best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular needle injections. Bull WHO. 2003;81:491\u2013500.","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Infection at insulin injection sites in diabetic patients with or without alcohol swab","volume":"58","author":"Kshanti IA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kshanti IA, Suyono S. Infection at insulin injection sites in diabetic patients with or without alcohol swab. Maj Kedokt Indon. 2008;58(9):323\u2013326.","journal-title":"Maj Kedokt Indon"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181a145e5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92405-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1190489"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","unstructured":"Choosingwisely.org. Wisely C Promoting conversations between providers and patients. 2018. [accessed 2018 Mar 27]. http:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","first-page":"482","article-title":"2017 Update on pediatric medical overuse: a review","volume":"172","author":"Coon ER","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coon ER, Young PC, Quinonez RA, Morgan DJ, Dhruva SS, Schroeder AR. 2017 Update on pediatric medical overuse: a review. JAMA. 2018;172(5):482\u2013486.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/381864"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn852"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.16.1.402a"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","volume-title":"SAS software. version 9.4.","year":"2013","unstructured":"SAS software. version 9.4.. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc.; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","unstructured":"Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Adverse event following immunization reporting for health care providers in Ontario. 2017. https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/en\/eRepository\/AEFI_factsheet_healthcare_providers.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1886"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.1451"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656190"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-9-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13434"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-015-0211-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","unstructured":"Government of Ontario. Publicly funded immunization schedules for Ontario. Dec 2016. http:\/\/www.health.gov.on.ca\/en\/pro\/programs\/immunization\/docs\/immunization_schedule.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.059"}],"container-title":["Human Vaccines &amp; Immunotherapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/21645515.2018.1553474","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T07:45:37Z","timestamp":1707896737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645515.2018.1553474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/21645515.2018.1553474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2018.1553474","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-5515","2164-554X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-5515","type":"print"},{"value":"2164-554X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=khvi20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=khvi20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2018-09-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}