{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:21:50Z","timestamp":1793035310010,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bayer Crop Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GM Crops &amp; Food"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2025.2594217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T22:15:34Z","timestamp":1766096134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Glyphosate use in agricultural production: it\u2019s contribution to global carbon dioxide emissions"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Graham","family":"Brookes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PG Economics Ltd","place":["Dorchester, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.2010.01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","unstructured":"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Chapter 2: Generic methodologies applicable to multiple land-use categories. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories volume 4. Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use; 2006. http:\/\/www.ipccnggip.iges.or.jp\/public\/2006gl\/pdf\/4_Volume4\/V4_02_Ch2_Generic.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5486.1922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2005.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2007.0121"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2006.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2007.0342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2007.0233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097396"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.696"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-010-0060-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2005.01050.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"Michigan State University. Us cropland greenhouse gas calculator. 2016. http:\/\/surf.kbs.msu.edu."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04586"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"Seventh International Symposium, Soil Organic Matter, Oral Presentation","author":"Nicoloso R","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicoloso R, Rice C. Intensification of no-till agricultural systems: an opportunity for carbon sequestration. Seventh International Symposium, Soil Organic Matter, Oral Presentation; Adelaide, Australia, 2019. http:\/\/www.som2019.org\/3215."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11102770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13750-017-0108-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iswcr2022.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47861-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41307-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2016.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-3619-2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2019.104529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Soil organic carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas emission reductions from conservation agriculture: a literature review","volume":"16","author":"s C","year":"2012","unstructured":"s C, Friedrich T, Kassam A, Pisante M, S\u00e1 J. Soil organic carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas emission reductions from conservation agriculture: a literature review. Integr Crop Manag. 2012;16:89.","journal-title":"Integr Crop Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","first-page":"199","volume-title":"Advances in conservation agriculture: Vol 2 \u2013 practices and benefits","author":"Cdm SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cdm SJ, Tivet F, Lal R, Deo Ferreira A, Breidd C, Inagaki T, Gonsalves D. Carbon management practices and benefits in conservation agriculture systems: Carbon sequestration rates. In: Kassam, editor. Advances in conservation agriculture: Vol 2 \u2013 practices and benefits. Burleigh Dodds; 2020. p. 199\u2013228."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Soil organic carbon restoration as the key driver to promote soil health in no-till systems of the tropics","volume":"3","author":"S\u00e1 JC","year":"2024","unstructured":"S\u00e1 JC, de M, Amado T, de Oliveira FA. Soil organic carbon restoration as the key driver to promote soil health in no-till systems of the tropics. Soil Health Ser. 2024;3:62\u2013102.","journal-title":"Soil Health Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179370","article-title":"No-till systems restore soil organic carbon stock in Brazilian biomes and contribute to climate solution","volume":"977","author":"de M SJC","year":"2025","unstructured":"de M SJC, Lal R, Lorenz K, Bajgai Y, Gavilan C, Kapoor M, de Oliveira FA, Briedis C, Inagaki T, Canalli L, et al. No-till systems restore soil organic carbon stock in Brazilian biomes and contribute to climate solution. Sci Total Environ. 2025;977:179370.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Soil organic matter and feeding the future: environmental and agronomic impacts","author":"Reicosky D","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reicosky D, Kassam A. Carbon and conservation agriculture foundation for sustainable agriculture. In: Lal R, editor. Soil organic matter and feeding the future: environmental and agronomic impacts. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2022. p. 19\u201364."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004213929699"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31540-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2008.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","article-title":"Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas balance \u2013 a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Don A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Don A, Jantz M. Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas balance \u2013 a meta-analysis. Geophys Res Abstr. 2013;15:EGU2013-10658.","journal-title":"Geophys Res Abstr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14735903.2024.2331949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09064710\/-2025.2515024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2014.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Proceedings 11th Int Congress on Agricultural Mechanisation and Energy in Agriculture","author":"Marguez F","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marguez F, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Aguera J, Blanco G, Gil-Ribes J. Conservation agriculture and precision agriculture as a method to reduce energy consumption in agricultural systems. Proceedings 11th Int Congress on Agricultural Mechanisation and Energy in Agriculture; 2011. Istanbul, Turkey. p. 277\u201382."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"711","article-title":"Effect of different tillage systems on fuel savings and reduction in CO2 emissions in the production of silage corn in eastern Slovenia","volume":"18","author":"Stajnko D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stajnko D, Lakota M, Vucajnk F, Bernik R. Effect of different tillage systems on fuel savings and reduction in CO2 emissions in the production of silage corn in eastern Slovenia. Pol J Environ Stud. 2009;18(4):711\u201316.","journal-title":"Pol J Environ Stud"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"CEAP. Usda CEAP-Crop conservation insight August 2016. 2016. https:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/nrcseprd1258255.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","unstructured":"Usda energy estimator: tillage. 2013. http:\/\/ecat.sc.egov.usda.gov."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","unstructured":"USDA. An online tool for estimating carbon storage in agroforestry practices (COMET-VR). Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator | US EPA; 2014. http:\/\/www.cometvr.colostate.edu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","unstructured":"American Soybean Association Conservation Tillage Study. 2001. https:\/\/soygrowers.com\/asa-study-confirms-environmental-benefits-of-biotech-soybeans\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","unstructured":"Conservation tillage and plant biotechnology (CTIC: 2002). How new technologies can improve the environment by reducing the need to plough. 2002. http:\/\/www.ctic.purdue.edu\/CTIC\/Biotech.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-Cornejo J Wechsler S Livingston M Mitchell L. Genetically engineered crops in the United States. Usda Economic Research Service report err 162. 2014.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2503388"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"Adoption patterns of herbicide-tolerant soybeans in Argentina","volume":"12","author":"Finger R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Finger R, Hartmann M, Feitnecht M. Adoption patterns of herbicide-tolerant soybeans in Argentina. AgBioforum. 2009;12(3&4):404\u201311.","journal-title":"AgBioforum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/AJAE\/AAW001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111679"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","unstructured":"Rodriguez A Rossi S George N Trigo E. 25 years of genetically modified crops in Argentine agriculture. Argenbio; 2021. www.argenbio.org\/transgenicos25."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-022-00667-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9120876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2020.00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.6362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","article-title":"Glyphosate use in Asia and implications of possible restrictions on use","volume":"22","author":"Brookes G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brookes G. Glyphosate use in Asia and implications of possible restrictions on use. Agbioforum. 2019;22:1\u201326.","journal-title":"Agbioforum"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1564\/v28_oct_04"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2022.2105626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ery445"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-006-9070-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116437108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","volume-title":"Estimation of the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural pesticide manufacture and use","author":"Audsley E","year":"2009","unstructured":"Audsley E, Stacey K, Parsons D, Williams A. Estimation of the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural pesticide manufacture and use. Cranfield University; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","unstructured":"EcoInvent. 2024. https:\/\/ecoinvent.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","volume-title":"How much fuel does your farm use for different management operations","author":"Bowling J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowling J, Short N, Riethmuller G, Fisher J, Salam M. How much fuel does your farm use for different management operations. Australia: Rural Industries Research Development Corporation; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","unstructured":"Lazarus WF. Machinery cost estimates. University of Minnesota Extension Service; 2019. http:\/\/www.minnesotafarmguide.com\/news\/regional\/machinery-cost-estimates\/pdf_a5a9623c-636a-11e3-8546-0019bb2963f4.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/00207233.2018.1494927","article-title":"Global spread of conservation agriculture","volume":"76","author":"Kassam A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kassam A, Freidrich T, Derpsh R. Global spread of conservation agriculture. Int J Surg Pathol Environ Stud. 2019;76(1):29\u201351.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol Environ Stud"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2002.1930"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224561.1999.12457251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture10090374"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy\/12040769"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2022.2118497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1614\/WS-D-11-00206.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1614\/WS-D-11-00155.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-022-00488-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajae.12243"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","unstructured":"Claassen R Bowman M McFadden J Smith D Wallander S. Tillage intensity and conservation cropping in the United States. eib-197. USDA ERS; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2022.2118495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023394024790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huggins D Allmaras R Clapp J Lamb G Randell D. Corn-soybean sequence and tillage effects on soil carbon dynamics and storage. Soil Science Society of America; 2007. doi: 10.2136\/sssaj2005:0231.","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2005.0231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","unstructured":"Eagle J Olander L Henry L Haugen-Kozyra K Millar N Robertson P. Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land management in the United States - a synthesis of the literature 2012. Duke University Technical Working Group on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases (T-AGG) Report; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/617504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2024.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/agro:2005055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj1985.03615995004900010020x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2009.0147"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2009.0414"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsoil.2005.02.014","article-title":"Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as affected by tillage system and crop biomass in a corn-soybean rotation","volume":"30","author":"Al-Kaisi M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Kaisi M. Soil carbon and nitrogen changes as affected by tillage system and crop biomass in a corn-soybean rotation. Appl Soil Ecol. 2005;30(3):174\u201391.","journal-title":"Appl Soil Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2005.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0889189300007256"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","article-title":"Impacts of periodic tillage on soil C stocks: a synthesis","volume":"95","author":"Conant R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Conant R, Easter M, Paustian K, Swan A, Williams S. Impacts of periodic tillage on soil C stocks: a synthesis. Soil Tillage Res. 2007;95(1\u20102):1\u201010.","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2136\/sssaj2006.0010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2489\/jswc.72.4.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-011-9600-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09064710.2013.816363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.267.5201.1117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-1987(03)00121-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15794-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b01427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_1","unstructured":"US Cropland Greenhouse Gas Calculator. http:\/\/surf.kbs.msu.edu\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_1","volume-title":"Cool Farm Tool | an online greenhouse gas, water, and biodiversity calculator","author":"Cool Farm Tool","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cool Farm Tool. Cool Farm Tool | an online greenhouse gas, water, and biodiversity calculator. 2024. https:\/\/coolfarm.org\/."}],"container-title":["GM Crops &amp; Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/21645698.2025.2594217","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T01:23:21Z","timestamp":1766107401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/21645698.2025.2594217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,31]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/21645698.2025.2594217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645698.2025.2594217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2164-5698","2164-5701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2164-5698","type":"print"},{"value":"2164-5701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=kgmc20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=kgmc20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2025-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-18","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2594217"}}