{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:30:46Z","timestamp":1761129046968},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,27]],"date-time":"2007-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1190851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6803,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Data was collected by questionnaire from Portuguese and U.K. college students in order to compare self\u2010reports of the physiological\/behavioural response associated with embarrassment, coping attempts and observer reactions to the actor's embarrassment in the two cultures. Blushing\/increased temperature, increased heart rate and smiling\/grinning characterised embarrassment in both cultures, although blushing was referred to with less frequency by the Portuguese sample; gaze aversion was a response specific to the U.K. sample. Smiling\/grinning as a method of coping with embarrassment and as a reported reaction from an observer was reported with similar frequency by both samples; gaze aversion as a method of coping with embarrassment was referred to with greater frequency by the U.K. sample; staring by observers was mentioned with greater frequency by the Portuguese sample. More intense experiences of embarrassment were reported by the Portuguese sample who also reported being more successful in attempts to control their embarrassment. The results are discussed in relation to national stereotypes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Un questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour ramasser des donn\u00e9es chez des \u00e9tudiants portugais et britanniques, afin de comparer leurs auto\u2010\u00e9valuations de la r\u00e9action psychologique\/comportementale associ\u00e9e i rembarras, avec les tentatives d'adaptation et les r\u00e9actions des observateurs \u00e0 l'embarras de l'acteur dans les deux cultures. Le fait de rougir associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9l\u00e9vation de la temp\u00e9rature, la tachycardie, ainsi que le sourire caract\u00e9risaient l'embarras dans les deux cultures, bien que le fait de rougir \u00e9tait moins souvent mentionn\u00e9 par les sujets portugais; d\u00e9tourner le regard \u00e9tait une r\u00e9ponse particuli\u00e8re des sujets britanniques. Le sourire comme fa\u00e7on d'\u00e9viter l'embarras et en tant que r\u00e9action d'un observateur \u00e9tait rapport\u00e9 tout aussi fr\u00e9quemment par les deux \u00e9chantillons de sujets; d\u00e9tourner le regard comme fa\u00e7on de se sortir d'embarras \u00e9tait rapport\u00e9 beaucoup plus fr\u00e9quemment par les sujets britanniques; par contre, fixer quelqu'un du regard \u00e9tait mentionn\u00e9 plus fr\u00e9quemment par les observateurs portugais. Des exp\u00e9riences embarrassantes plus intenses \u00e9taient rapport\u00e9es par les sujets portugais, qui ont aussi rapport\u00e9 un succ\u00e8s plus grand pour ce qui est du contr\u00f4le de leur embarras. Les r\u00e9sultats sont discut\u00e9s en relation avec des st\u00e9r\u00e9otypes nationaux.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.1989.10600052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]],"date-time":"2013-01-22T09:42:17Z","timestamp":1358847737000},"page":"351-366","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["SELF\u2010REPORTED EXPRESSION AND CONSEQUENCES OF EMBARRASSMENT IN PORTUGAL AND THE U.K."],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Edelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Surrey  Guildford U.K."}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Porto  Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Philosophical papers","author":"Austin J. 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