{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:41Z","timestamp":1790690921932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["School Psychology Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T14:35:41Z","timestamp":1600439741000},"page":"420-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":313,"title":["Meta-analysis of Grade Retention Research: Implications for Practice in the 21st Century"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Shane R.","family":"Jimerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(71)90032-X"},{"key":"CIT0002","volume-title":"On the success of failure: A reassessment of the effects of retention in the primary grades.","author":"Alexander K.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0003","volume-title":"Dropping out: Problem or symptom?","author":"Bachman J.","year":"1971"},{"key":"CIT0004","volume-title":"Lifelines and risks: Pathways of youth in our time.","author":"Cairns R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1130933"},{"key":"CIT0006","unstructured":"Canter, A. & Carey, K. (1998).Retention and promotion: A handout for parents.(Available from the National Association of School Psychologists, 4340 East West Highway, Suite 402, Bethesda, MD 20814.)"},{"key":"CIT0007","volume-title":"Retention and promotion: A handout for teachers.","author":"Canter A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298605200503"},{"key":"CIT0009","volume-title":"State of the Union Address (January","volume":"1","author":"Clinton W.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0010","volume-title":"State of the Union Address (January","volume":"1","author":"Clinton W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0011","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"CIT0012","volume-title":"The handbook of research synthesis.","author":"Cooper H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"CIT0013","first-page":"28","volume":"26","author":"Dawson P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Communiqu\u00e9"},{"key":"CIT0014","first-page":"20","volume":"26","author":"Dawson P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Communiqu\u00e9"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199401)31:1<5::AID-PITS2310310102>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"CIT0016","volume-title":"Adolescents at risk: Prevalence and prevention.","author":"Dryfoos J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0017","volume-title":"The Peabody Individual Achievement Test.","author":"Dunn L. M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2112677"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J008v06n01_04"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199104)28:2<139::AID-PITS2310280208>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6807(199601)33:1<38::AID-PITS5>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004005999702900601"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001440298605300301"},{"key":"CIT0024","first-page":"351","volume":"5","author":"Glass G.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Review of Research in Education"},{"key":"CIT0025","volume-title":"Meta-analysis in social research.","author":"Glass G.","year":"1981"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gottfredson, D. C., Fink, C. M. & Graham, N. (1994). Grade retention and problem behavior.American Educational Research Journal, 3), 761\u2013784.","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312031004761"},{"key":"CIT0027","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention","author":"Grissom J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199110)28:4<310::AID-PITS2310280405>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"CIT0029","volume-title":"Statistical methods for meta-analysis.","author":"Hedges L.","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220973.1984.11011878"},{"key":"CIT0031","first-page":"16","volume-title":"Flunking grades: Research and policies on retention","author":"Holmes C. T.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543054002225"},{"key":"CIT0033","volume-title":"Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings.","author":"Hunter J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543045004613"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(99)00005-9"},{"key":"CIT0036","unstructured":"Jimerson, S., Anderson, G. & Whipple, A. (2001).Winning the battle and losing the war: Examining the relationship between grade retention and dropping out of high school.Manuscript submitted for publication."},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(96)00033-7"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199010)27:4<333::AID-PITS2310270409>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"CIT0039","volume-title":"Adult literacy in America: A first look at the results of the national adult literacy survey. Report prepared by Educational Testing Service with the National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education","author":"Kirsch I.","year":"1993"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1995.12085789","volume":"24","author":"Knoff H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"key":"CIT0041","volume-title":"Dropouts: Who drops out and why and the recommended action.","author":"Kronick R.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674040243","volume-title":"Summing up: The science of reviewing research.","author":"Light R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6807(199704)34:2<115::AID-PITS5>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312029001182"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01326638"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(199210)29:4<342::AID-PITS2310290407>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-4405(99)00012-6"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.1993.9941169"},{"key":"CIT0049","volume-title":"Position statement: Student grade retention and social promotion.","author":"National Association of School Psychologists (NASP).","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(198410)21:4<485::AID-PITS2310210415>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6807(198710)24:4<339::AID-PITS2310240408>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/073428299201000203"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed0802_3"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.84.3.300"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737014002101"},{"key":"CIT0056","first-page":"457","volume":"39","author":"Reynolds A. J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Merrill Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.2.195"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312031004729"},{"key":"CIT0059","first-page":"88","volume":"15","author":"Roderick M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Research Bulletin"},{"key":"CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4405(83)90015-8"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312032003583"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0062","first-page":"162","volume":"20","author":"Rust J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Instructional Psychology"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5834.1992.tb00352.x"},{"key":"CIT0064","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Review of child development research","volume":"4","author":"Sameroff A.","year":"1975"},{"key":"CIT0065","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Early intervention: A handbook of theory, practice and analysis","author":"Sameroff A.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0066","first-page":"84","volume":"47","author":"Shepard L. S.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019874298501000409"},{"key":"CIT0068","unstructured":"Slavin, R. E., Karweit, N. L. & Madden, N. A. (1989)."},{"key":"CIT0069","unstructured":"Effective programs for students at risk.Boston: Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"CIT0070","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 30. Relationships as developmental contexts","author":"Sroufe L. A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1511075"},{"key":"CIT0072","volume-title":"A study of students who left: D.C. public school dropouts. Paper presented at the annual meeting","author":"Tuck K.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0073","volume-title":"Current population reports. School enrollment: Social and economic characteristics of students.","author":"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.","year":"1966"},{"key":"CIT0074","volume-title":"Current population reports. School enrollment: Social and economic characteristics of students.","author":"U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0075","volume-title":"Taking responsibility for ending social promotion: A guide for educators and state and local leaders.","author":"U.S. Department of Education.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312029001051"},{"key":"CIT0077","first-page":"364","volume":"11","author":"White W. A. T.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Education and Treatment of Children"},{"key":"CIT0078","volume-title":"Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery\u2014Revised.","author":"Woodcock R. W.","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["School Psychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T04:02:10Z","timestamp":1668830530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02796015.2001.12086124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2372-966X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2372-966X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]}}}