{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:27:41Z","timestamp":1760203661539},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]],"date-time":"2006-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1804,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>d\u2010Amphetamine has been shown to be a potential brain neurotoxic agent, particularly to dopaminergic neurones. Reactive oxygen species indirectly generated by this drug have been indicated as an important factor in the appearance of neuronal damage but little is known about the adaptations of brain antioxidant systems to its chronic administration. In this study, the activities of several antioxidant enzymes in different areas of rat brain were measured after repeated administration of d\u2010amphetamine sulphate (sc, 20 mg\/kg\/day, for 14 days), namely glutathione\u2010S\u2010transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRed), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). When compared to a pair\u2010fed control group, d\u2010amphetamine treatment enhanced the activity of GST in hypothalamus to 167%, GPx in striatum to 127%, in nucleus accumbens to 192%, and in medial prefrontal cortex to 139%, GRed in hypothalamus to 139%, as well as catalase in medial prefrontal cortex to 153%. However, the same comparison revealed a decrease in the activity of GRed in medial pre\u2010frontal cortex by 35%. Food restriction itself reduced GRed activity by 49% and enhanced catalase activity to 271% in nucleus accumbens. The modifications observed for the measured antioxidant enzymes reveal that oxidative stress probably plays a role in the deleterious effects of this drug in CNS and that, in general, the brain areas studied underwent adaptations which provided protection against the continuous administration of the drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210120056544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T15:44:46Z","timestamp":1027698286000},"page":"213-221","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Adaptative response of antioxidant enzymes in different areas of rat brain after repeated <i>d<\/i>\u2010amphetamine administration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Remi\u00e3O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Gomes\u2010Da\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Am\u00e9lia","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria De Lourdes","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"O'Brien CP","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.26975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(80)90351-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.5.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(82)90027-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)91221-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00924-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00019-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(99)00185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1980.tb11222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"147","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Free Radicals and Antioxidants in Biomedicine","author":"Kalyanaraman B.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(87)90150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"261","article-title":"Cell and tissue responses to oxidative damage","volume":"69","author":"Janssen YMW","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90955-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(99)00143-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"15l","volume-title":"Amphetamine and its analogs","author":"Konuma K.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809202600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050591"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05013-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05015-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(85)13062-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","first-page":"480","volume-title":"Statistical Methods","author":"Snedecor GW","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90617-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","first-page":"2966","article-title":"Heterogeneous subregional binding patterns of 3H\u2010WIN 35,428 and 3H\u2010GBR 12,935 are differentially regulated by chronic cocaine self\u2010administration","volume":"14","author":"Wilson JM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756369909030340"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50219-8","article-title":"Glutathione S\u2010transferases, structure, regulation and therapeutic implications","volume":"268","author":"Rushmore TM","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.42.1.107","article-title":"Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hypoxic mammalian systems","volume":"42","author":"Liu J","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90452-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1975.tb06922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14522.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx9501750"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(78)90238-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Amphetamine and its analogs","author":"Kuczenski R","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_2","first-page":"614","article-title":"Amphetamine levels in brain microdialysate, caudate\/putamen, substantia nigra and plasma after dosage that produces either behavioral or neurotoxic effects","volume":"274","author":"Clausing P","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050407"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00233-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.19"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F13556210120056544","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13556210120056544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T09:01:00Z","timestamp":1700298060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/13556210120056544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13556210120056544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13556210120056544","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}