{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:31:52Z","timestamp":1793381512978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/policies-text-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Review of Academic Librarianship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:35:37Z","timestamp":1791304537000},"page":"272-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Z-Library and Full-Text Access: Democratizing Knowledge or Undermining Copyright Ethics?"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5787-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayooluwa","family":"Aregbesola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Learning Resources, Landmark University","place":["Omu-Aran, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sola Emmanuel","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library, Bells University of Technology","place":["Ota, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"234","article-title":"The role of digital libraries in improving educational outcomes in developing countries","volume":"45","author":"Aronson B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aronson, B. (2019). The role of digital libraries in improving educational outcomes in developing countries. Journal of Educational Technology, 45(3), 234\u2013247.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11339.003.0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.352.6285.508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.4558704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00037"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sustainable open access publishing: A model for the future","volume":"32","author":"Brembs B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brembs, B. (2019). Sustainable open access publishing: A model for the future. Insights, 32(1), 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Insights"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316161012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"D-Lib Magazine","author":"Frazier K.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frazier, K. (2001). The librarians\u2019 dilemma: Contemplating the costs of the \u201cbig deal. D-Lib Magazine, 7(3)."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"567","article-title":"The future of intellectual property in the shadow of shadow libraries","volume":"32","author":"Gervais D. J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gervais, D. J. (2019). The future of intellectual property in the shadow of shadow libraries. Harvard Journal of Law & Technology, 32(2), 567\u2013589.","journal-title":"Harvard Journal of Law & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.11366.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.32822"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"The closing of the net: How copyright enforcement harms internet freedom","author":"Horten M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Horten, M. (2016). The closing of the net: How copyright enforcement harms internet freedom. Polity Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","unstructured":"IBM. (2024). Cost of a data breach report 2024. IBM Security. https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/reports\/data-breach"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2020). IFLA statement on copyright education and copyright literacy. https:\/\/www.ifla.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"Kaspersky. (2022). The hidden dangers of shadow libraries. https:\/\/www.kaspersky.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-09-2021-0174"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v28i10.12947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/publications3030155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1629\/uksg.333"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"The inevitability of open access","volume":"79","author":"Lewis D. W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lewis, D. W. (2018). The inevitability of open access. College & Research Libraries, 79(3), 255\u2013270.","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.11781635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/palcomms.2016.105"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"503","article-title":"The digital divide and access to academic resources in developing countries","volume":"47","author":"Okike B.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okike, B. (2021). The digital divide and access to academic resources in developing countries. Journal of Information Science, 47(4), 503\u2013517.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","unstructured":"Otunla J. N. & Babalola Y. T. (2026). Shadow libraries: Ethical implications and sustainable alternatives for equitable knowledge access. LISCON pp. 452\u2013461. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/404198376_shadow_libraries_ethical_implications_and_sustainable_alternatives_for_equitable_knowledge_access"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Open access and its discontents: The ethics of knowledge distribution","volume":"15","author":"Piper K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piper, K. (2021). Open access and its discontents: The ethics of knowledge distribution. Information Ethics Journal, 15(3), 87\u201399.","journal-title":"Information Ethics Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","unstructured":"Plan S. (2021). Making full and immediate open access a reality. https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","unstructured":"Research4Life. (2023). About Research4Life. https:\/\/www.research4life.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760220064"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14293\/S2199-1006.1.SOR-EDU.AJRG23.v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Digital piracy and the academic ecosystem: Legal and ethical perspectives","volume":"22","author":"Smith J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smith, J. (2020). Digital piracy and the academic ecosystem: Legal and ethical perspectives. Technology and Society Journal, 22(1), 55\u201370.","journal-title":"Technology and Society Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9286.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8460.3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Research article availability and access: The role of open access and research libraries","volume":"80","author":"Tenopir C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tenopir, C., Christian, L., Kaufman, J., & King, D. W. (2019). Research article availability and access: The role of open access and research libraries. College & Research Libraries, 80(1), 23\u201341.","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ). (2022). DOJ seizes domains of major shadow library. https:\/\/www.justice.gov"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO recommendation on open science. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/2030agenda"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","unstructured":"United States Department of Justice. (2022 November 16). United States seizes Z-Library domain names and arrests alleged operators. https:\/\/www.justice.gov"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"Van der Sar E. (2021). Publishers continue crackdown on shadow libraries. TorrentFreak. https:\/\/torrentfreak.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","unstructured":"Verizon. (2024). 2024 data breach investigations report (DBIR). Verizon Business. https:\/\/www.verizon.com\/business\/resources\/reports\/dbir\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-020-03570-6"}],"container-title":["New Review of Academic Librarianship"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:56:17Z","timestamp":1793379377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13614533.2026.2742162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1361-4533","1740-7834"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1361-4533","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-7834","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=racl20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=racl20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}