{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:51:50Z","timestamp":1777639910886,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study of executive functioning in prisoner populations is important to the task of elucidating underlying neuropsychological causes of criminal behavior; these deficits should also be considered in offender rehabilitation efforts. A general sample of offenders ( N = 42), further divided into three subtypes of crimes (violent, property, and drug trafficking), was tested using a battery of executive functioning measures and compared with a group of non-offenders ( N = 28). Offenders performed worse than non-offenders on mental flexibility and planning measures, and pairwise analysis revealed differences in the executive functioning of the offender subgroups \u2013 the property offenders had poorer performance on mental flexibility measures, while the violent offenders performed worse on planning measures. The relationship between executive functions and anger in the criminal subgroups was further explored. Preliminary results revealed strong significant correlations between mental flexibility, interference resistance, and anger control in the subgroup of violent offenders. Further investigation of the relation between executive functions and anger in violent offenders is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T14:26:59Z","timestamp":1460039219000},"page":"235-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Executive Functioning in Criminal Behavior: Differentiating between Types of Crime and Exploring the Relation between Shifting, Inhibition, and Anger"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Seruca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of \u00c9vora ISPA, University Institute Education and Psychology Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Education and Psychology Department, University of Aveiro CINTESIS, R&D Center of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr0001-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.5005.2009316","volume":"50","author":"Alc\u00e1zar-C\u00f3rcoles M. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Revista de Neurologia"},{"key":"bibr0002-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;FT518"},{"key":"bibr0003-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"23","volume-title":"International Handbook of Cross-Cultural Neuropsychology","author":"Ardila A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr0004-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(89)90015-8"},{"key":"bibr0005-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.592"},{"key":"bibr0006-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.20.2.153"},{"key":"bibr0007-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324826an1302_4"},{"key":"bibr0008-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"222","volume":"49","author":"Cavaco S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychologica"},{"key":"bibr0009-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490510103"},{"key":"bibr0010-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.1.108"},{"key":"bibr0011-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Stress and emotion; anxiety, anger, and curiosity, 16","author":"Culbertson F. M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr0012-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065566"},{"key":"bibr0013-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0958518021000019452"},{"key":"bibr0014-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"bibr0015-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0054124"},{"key":"bibr0016-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8075-4_2"},{"key":"bibr0017-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20415"},{"key":"bibr0018-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"Adaptaci\u00f3n del test de colores y palabras de Stroop en una muestra Portuguesa \u2013 Influencia de la reserva cognitiva en la funci\u00f3n ejecutiva de sujetos sanos y con enfermedad tipo Alzheimer de inicio tardio","author":"Fernandes S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr0019-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00637.x"},{"key":"bibr0120-14999013.2016.1158755","volume":"24","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Serrano, M. J., P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda, M., R\u00edo-Valle, J. S., &amp; Verdejo-Garc\u00eda, A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"bibr0020-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01681.x"},{"key":"bibr0021-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338"},{"key":"bibr0022-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000401"},{"key":"bibr0023-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00285-9"},{"key":"bibr0024-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/ark005"},{"key":"bibr0025-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(1995)21:6<431::AID-AB2480210604>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"bibr0026-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.107.4.629"},{"key":"bibr0027-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind","author":"Goldberg E.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr0028-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"Stroop: Test de colores e palabras \u2013 Manual","author":"Golden C. J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr0029-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.101.1.323-333"},{"key":"bibr0030-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20353"},{"key":"bibr0031-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.99.4.374"},{"key":"bibr0032-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00329-X"},{"key":"bibr0033-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940500096099"},{"key":"bibr0034-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9040-z"},{"key":"bibr0035-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.012"},{"key":"bibr0036-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15324826AN0902_5"},{"key":"bibr0037-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.3.305.1984"},{"key":"bibr0038-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment","author":"Lezak M. D.","year":"2012","edition":"5"},{"key":"bibr0039-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.9.4.556"},{"key":"bibr0040-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"85","volume":"46","author":"Marques M. I. D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychologica"},{"key":"bibr0041-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2002-17407"},{"key":"bibr0042-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466509X454886"},{"key":"bibr0043-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.6.4.358"},{"issue":"43","key":"bibr0044-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Meijers J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr0045-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"STAXI-2: Invent\u00e1rio de Expresi\u00f3n de Ira Estado-Rasgo","author":"Miguel-Tobal J. J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr0046-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00056-8"},{"key":"bibr0047-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"bibr0048-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00096-8"},{"key":"bibr0049-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/135532505X91560"},{"key":"bibr0050-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Handbook of Offender Assessment and Treatment","author":"Novaco R. W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr0051-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00252.x"},{"key":"bibr0052-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"10","volume":"2","author":"Ostrosky F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research and Reports in Forensic Medical Science"},{"key":"bibr0053-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00056-6"},{"key":"bibr0054-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.10051"},{"key":"bibr0055-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025762"},{"key":"bibr0056-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018611"},{"key":"bibr0057-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"Manuel du test des labyrinthes de Porteus","author":"Porteus S. D.","year":"1965"},{"key":"bibr0058-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.1.38"},{"key":"bibr0159-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524410.003.0009"},{"key":"bibr0059-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854810363104"},{"key":"bibr0060-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjccj.53.4.377"},{"key":"bibr0061-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00170-2"},{"key":"bibr0062-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2337(200011)26:6<413::AID-AB1>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"bibr0063-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X15577932"},{"key":"bibr0064-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0269905031000088649"},{"issue":"328","key":"bibr0065-14999013.2016.1158755","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"Snyder H. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"bibr0066-14999013.2016.1158755","unstructured":"Spielberger C. D. (1999). STAXI-2:\n                      State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory \u2013 2. Professional Manual\n                      . Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"key":"bibr0167-14999013.2016.1158755","author":"Spielberger, C. D., Jacobs, G., Russell, S. &amp; Crane, R. S.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Advances in Personality Assessment \u2013 Volume 2"},{"key":"bibr0067-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021788"},{"key":"bibr0068-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1879"},{"key":"bibr0069-14999013.2016.1158755","volume-title":"Escala de intelig\u00eancia de Weschler para adultos \u2013 3 edi\u00e7\u00e3o: Instru\u00e7\u00f5es para a administra\u00e7\u00e3o e cota\u00e7\u00e3o","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr0070-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018962"},{"key":"bibr0071-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/PBR.15.1.44"},{"key":"bibr0072-14999013.2016.1158755","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023137"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Forensic Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:15:00Z","timestamp":1777443300000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1158755","relation":{},"ISSN":["1499-9013","1932-9903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1499-9013","type":"print"},{"value":"1932-9903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}