{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:50:22Z","timestamp":1776354622009,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,17]],"date-time":"2009-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1239926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Team games conceptualized as dynamical systems engender a view of emergent decision\u2010making behaviour under constraints, although specific effects of instructional and body\u2010scaling constraints have yet to be verified empirically. For this purpose, we studied the effects of task and individual constraints on decision\u2010making processes in basketball. Eleven experienced female players performed 350 trials in 1 vs. 1 sub\u2010phases of basketball in which an attacker tried to perturb the stable state of a dyad formed with a defender (i.e. break the symmetry). In Experiment 1, specific instructions (neutral, risk taking or conservative) were manipulated to observe effects on emergent behaviour of the dyadic system. When attacking players were given conservative instructions, time to cross court mid\u2010line and variability of the attacker's trajectory were significantly greater. In Experiment 2, body\u2010scaling of participants was manipulated by creating dyads with different height relations. When attackers were considerably taller than defenders, there were fewer occurrences of symmetry\u2010breaking. When attackers were considerably shorter than defenders, time to cross court mid\u2010line was significantly shorter than when dyads were composed of athletes of similar height or when attackers were considerably taller than defenders. The data exemplify how interacting task and individual constraints can influence emergent decision\u2010making processes in team ball games.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461390902763417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,18]],"date-time":"2009-04-18T00:00:05Z","timestamp":1240012805000},"page":"169-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The influence of instructions and body\u2010scaling as constraints on decision\u2010making processes in team sports"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Cordovil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Movement Studies, Queensland University of Technology Kelvin Grove Queensland Australia"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Barreiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of Lisbon Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sid\u00f3nio","family":"Serpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of Lisbon Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"American Psychological Association(2003).Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct(accessed 20 July 2003 at:http:\/\/www.apa.org\/ethics\/code2002.html)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"409","volume-title":"Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and practice","author":"Ara\u00fajo D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"International Congress \u201cMovement, Attention and Perception\u201d","author":"Ara\u00fajo D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Coaching certification manual \u2013 Level two","author":"Bain B.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Novos Horizontes para o Treino do Basquetebol","author":"Barreto H.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"547","volume-title":"Science and football V","author":"Davids K.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Acquiring skill in sport: A constraints\u2010led perspective","volume":"2","author":"Davids K.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science in Sport"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230601400103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Handbook of sport psychology","author":"Davids K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"270","volume-title":"Book of Abstracts \u2013 Science and Football, 5th World Congress","author":"Fernandes O.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Morfologia e Crescimento \u2013 Curso pr\u00e1tico","author":"Fragoso I.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"Gouveia L. 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