{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:30:28Z","timestamp":1761291028061,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]],"date-time":"2016-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study analysed the effects of two different periodization strategies on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities in competitive swimmers. Seventeen athletes of both sexes were divided to two groups, the traditional periodization (TPG, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 7) and the reverse periodization group (RPG, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10). Each group followed a 10\u2010week training period based on the two different periodization strategies. Before and after training, swimming velocity (SV), energy expenditure (EE), energy cost (EC) and percentage of aerobic (%Aer) and anaerobic (%An) energy contribution to the swimming intensities corresponding to the aerobic threshold (AerT), the anaerobic threshold (AnT) and the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max) were measured. Both groups increased the %An at the AerT and AnT intensity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 .05). In contrast, at the AnT intensity, EE and EC were only increased in TPG. Complementary, %Aer, %An, EE and EC at vVO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>max did not alter in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; .05); no changes were observed in SV in TPG and RPG at all three intensities. These results indicate that both periodization schemes confer almost analogous adaptations in specific physiological parameters in competitive swimmers. However, given the large difference in the total training volume between the two groups, it is suggested that the implementation of the reverse periodization model is an effective and time\u2010efficient strategy to improve performance mainly for swimming events where the AnT is an important performance indicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1253775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T02:39:19Z","timestamp":1479782359000},"page":"425-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The effects of two different swimming training periodization on physiological parameters at various exercise intensities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vicente Javier","family":"Clemente\u2010Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Science European University of Madrid Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n Spain"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Dalamitros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Education Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7790-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D) University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP) University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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