{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:20:47Z","timestamp":1776086447046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/DTP\/04045\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/DTP\/04045\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to analyse swimmers\u2019 perceptual judgements of a simulated time\u2010to\u2010contact task in freestyle swimming relays.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The study sample consisted of 31\u00a0national\u2010level swimmers of both genders (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18\u00a0males, 17.22 \u00b1 1.95 yrs.; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 13 females, 14.61 \u00b1 .76 yrs.). Participants were asked to watch two videos corresponding to the last course of a given swimmer during a competition of 4 \u00d7 100\u2005m and 4 \u00d7 200\u2005m freestyle events. These videos were presented with temporal occlusion correspondent to predetermined approaching distances (7.5, 5.0, and 2.5\u2005m). Participants were required to simulate a typical position in standby for exiting the block and estimate the time\u2010to\u2010contact of the incoming swimmer by pressing a switch. A Wilcoxon test was performed to determine differences between time\u2010to\u2010contact and real contact time.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The results showed that estimation of time\u2010to\u2010contact was generally lower than real contact time at all approaching distances (with occlusion) and for both genders (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05), except at a 7.5\u2010m distance in the men's 4 \u00d7 200\u2005m (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .744; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .09) and at 5.0\u2005m in both the 4 \u00d7 100\u2005m and 4 \u00d7 200\u2005m for the female group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .279, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .22 for 4 \u00d7 100\u2005m; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .2453, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .17 for 4 \u00d7 200\u2005m). The larger variation (\u0394) between estimation and real contact time was found at a 7.5\u2005m occlusion distance in the female 4 \u00d7 100\u2005m (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = .82).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Swimmers tend to underestimate the time\u2010to\u2010contact of the incoming swimmer, in the context of a simulated relay race. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of perceptual abilities development in swimmers to optimize their technique and effectiveness during relay starts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2019.1658809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T09:10:19Z","timestamp":1566378619000},"page":"592-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Estimating time\u2010to\u2010contact with temporal occlusion in relay swimming: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-2721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Physical Education and Physiotherapy University of Passo Fundo Passo Fundo Brasil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences University of Beira Interior Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Health Sciences Investigation Center University of Beira Interior, CICS\u2010UBI Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior Rio Maior Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-3545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Sobreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior Rio Maior Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center Santar\u00e9m Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"School of Education, Communication and Sport Polytechnic Institute of Guarda Guarda Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8109-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior Rio Maior Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Center Santar\u00e9m Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5007\/1980\u20100037.2012v14n5p592"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010009\u20102139\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181b866d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14763140208522784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069826.t002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.32.6.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339\u2010014\u20100598\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171330"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Continuum Analytics. 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