{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:05:40Z","timestamp":1761491140628,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/126387\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/126387\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Sport Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combining Constraint\u2010led (ecological) and Step\u2010Game (constructivist) approaches through an Action\u2010Research (AR) design conducted throughout a competitive volleyball season, this study aimed to: (i) analyse the impact of increased tactical complexity on lateral and longitudinal collective Synchronisation Tendencies (ST) during defensive and offensive counterattack\u2010subphases, and (ii) examine how opposition attacking contexts (i.e. playing in <jats:italic>full<\/jats:italic>\u2010system or <jats:italic>in<\/jats:italic>\u2010system) might influence ST throughout each counterattack\u2010subphase. Performance of a youth team, comprised of 15 players, was studied across three AR\u2010cycles. The team's competitive performance was analysed through three competitive matches (one per cycle). Team ST were evaluated using the cluster\u2010phase method and a 3 (matches) \u00d7 2 (counterattack\u2010subphases) \u00d7 2 (opposition attacking contexts) \u00d7 2 (court directions) repeated\u2010measures ANOVA were used to calculate the differences in cluster\u2010amplitude mean values. Results showed that increments in tactical complexity (second AR\u2010cycle) were followed by decreases in collective ST, which were (re)achieved during the third AR\u2010cycle, possibly due to the ecological\u2010constructivist coaching intervention. Our findings imply that coaches could design representative and specific\u2010didactical learning environments, predicated on a team's tactical needs and strategical ideas from a game\u2010plan, framing player intentionality. Results also support the use of questioning strategies to narrow players\u2019 attentional focus, stimulating perceptual attunement to relevant constraints emerging in performance. Finally, the insider AR\u2010design provided valuable contextualised insights on coaching interventions for developing collective coordinative structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2020.1867649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,19]],"date-time":"2020-12-19T13:03:55Z","timestamp":1608383035000},"page":"160-170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["How can team synchronisation tendencies be developed combining Constraint\u2010led and Step\u2010game approaches? 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