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Fifty\u2010four inactive middle\u2010aged\u2010to\u2010elderly men (67.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2 years; stature 168.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2\u2005cm; body mass 78.4\u2009\u00b1\u200910.7\u2005kg; fat mass 27.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3%; BMI 27.4\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2005kg\/m2<\/jats:sup>; VO2peak<\/jats:sub> 27.3\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8\u2005mL\/min\/kg) were randomised into three intervention groups performing 1 (TH1, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), 2 (TH2, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915), or 3 (TH3, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) 60\u2010min weekly recreational TH\u2010based training sessions, for 16 weeks, and a control group (CG, n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914). A time x group interaction was observed for VO2peak<\/jats:sub>, aerobic performance, fasting plasma insulin and body and fat mass (p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.043) with TH3 showing the greatest overall effects. Post\u2010intervention differences were observed in aerobic performance (TH3>CG, TH1 and TH2; TH2>CG), body mass (TH3>CG and TH1), fat mass (TH3>CG), VO2peak<\/jats:sub> (TH3>CG) and plasma insulin (TH3>CG) (p\u2009<\/jats:italic>\u2264\u20090.040). In conclusion, recreational TH performed for 60\u2010min thrice and twice per week results in improved aerobic performance for middle\u2010aged\u2010to\u2010elderly men. Moreover, it was observed that three weekly sessions were more effective in providing overall cardiometabolic benefits compared to training with a lower weekly frequency. ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> ID: NCT05295511<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold> ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> identifier: NCT05295511<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>Highlights:<\/jats:bold>\n\nWe observed high intensities and fun levels during recreational TH, organised as formal and small\u2010sided games, for middle\u2010aged\u2010to\u2010elderly men during a 16\u2010week period, independently of the number of weekly training sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nMarked positive effects on aerobic performance and cardiometabolic health were observed in the intervention group that performed 3 weekly sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\nThe study results indicate that recreational TH training with low frequency and volume results in some beneficial effects on cardiometabolic fitness and health for middle\u2010aged\u2010to\u2010elderly men, but future studies with more participants or longer intervention periods are warranted to explore this possibility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2213195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T20:36:14Z","timestamp":1683750974000},"page":"2178-2190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dose\u2010response effect of a recreational team handball\u2010based exercise programme on cardiometabolic health and physical fitness in inactive middle\u2010aged\u2010to\u2010elderly males \u2212 a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05295511","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivone","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences Health Sciences and Human Development CIDESD 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(SHSC) University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magni","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC) University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Centre of Health Sciences Faculty of Health University of the Faroe Islands T\u00f3rshavn Faroe Islands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4808-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LaMetEx Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure CIAFEL Department Sports Biology Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto 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