{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:46:21Z","timestamp":1779342381420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,11,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mammalian nucleus is highly organized, and nuclear processes such as DNA replication occur in discrete nuclear foci, a phenomenon often termed \u201cfunctional organization\u201d of the nucleus. We describe the identification and characterization of a bipartite targeting sequence (amino acids 1\u201328 and 111\u2013179) that is necessary and sufficient to direct DNA ligase I to nuclear replication foci during S phase. This targeting sequence is located within the regulatory, NH2-terminal domain of the protein and is dispensable for enzyme activity in vitro but is required in vivo. The targeting domain functions position independently at either the NH2 or the COOH termini of heterologous proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>We used the targeting sequence of DNA ligase I to visualize replication foci in vivo. Chimeric proteins with DNA ligase I and the green fluorescent protein localized at replication foci in living mammalian cells and thus show that these subnuclear functional domains, previously observed in fixed cells, exist in vivo. The characteristic redistribution of these chimeric proteins makes them unique markers for cell cycle studies to directly monitor entry into S phase in living cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.139.3.579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1027702070000},"page":"579-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Mapping and Use of a Sequence that Targets DNA Ligase I to Sites of DNA Replication In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"M. Cristina","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Genetics, Franz Volhard Clinic, Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Humboldt University, 13125 Berlin, Germany; and \u2021Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuthbert","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Genetics, Franz Volhard Clinic, Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine, Humboldt University, 13125 Berlin, Germany; and \u2021Department of Pediatrics and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"Rahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Genetics, Franz Volhard 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