{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:21:10Z","timestamp":1791289270695,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study we have examined the cellular functions of ERM proteins in developing neurons. The results obtained indicate that there is a high degree of spatial and temporal correlation between the expression and subcellular localization of radixin and moesin with the morphological development of neuritic growth cones. More importantly, we show that double suppression of radixin and moesin, but not of ezrin\u2013radixin or ezrin\u2013moesin, results in reduction of growth cone size, disappearance of radial striations, retraction of the growth cone lamellipodial veil, and disorganization of actin filaments that invade the central region of growth cones where they colocalize with microtubules. Neuritic tips from radixin\u2013moesin suppressed neurons displayed high filopodial protrusive activity; however, its rate of advance is 8\u201310 times slower than the one of growth cones from control neurons. Radixin\u2013moesin suppressed neurons have short neurites and failed to develop an axon-like neurite, a phenomenon that appears to be directly linked with the alterations in growth cone structure and motility. Taken collectively, our data suggest that by regulating key aspects of growth cone development and maintenance, radixin and moesin modulate neurite formation and the development of neuronal polarity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.143.2.443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:47:50Z","timestamp":1027702070000},"page":"443-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Suppression of Radixin and Moesin Alters Growth Cone Morphology, Motility, and Process Formation In Primary Cultured Neurons"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Paglini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra-CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; \u2021Departamento Quimica Biologica (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional Cordoba\/CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; and \u00a7Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, and Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Kunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra-CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; \u2021Departamento Quimica Biologica (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional Cordoba\/CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; and \u00a7Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, and Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra-CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; \u2021Departamento Quimica Biologica (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional Cordoba\/CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; and \u00a7Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, and Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Kosik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra-CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; \u2021Departamento Quimica Biologica (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional Cordoba\/CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; and \u00a7Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, and Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Instituto Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra-CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; \u2021Departamento Quimica Biologica (CIQUIBIC), Universidad Nacional Cordoba\/CONICET, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; and \u00a7Department of Neurology (Neuroscience), Harvard Medical School, and Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072900364747600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1994.1021","article-title":"Radixin is a component of hepatocyte microvilli in situ","volume":"210","author":"Amieva","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1218","article-title":"Subcellular localization of moesin in dynamic filopodia, retraction fibers, and other structures involved in substrate exploration, attachment, and cell-cell contacts","volume":"219","author":"Amieva","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.105.4.1025","article-title":"Ezrin is concentrated in the apical microvilli of a wide variety of epithelial cells, whereas moesin is found primarily in endothelial cells","volume":"105","author":"Berryman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.131.5.1231","article-title":"Ezrin oligomers are major cytoskeletal components of placental microvilli: a proposal for their involvement in cortical morphogenesis","volume":"131","author":"Berryman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300124","article-title":"Association of ezrin isoforms with the neuronal cytoskeleton","volume":"30","author":"Birgbauer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B6","first-page":"5613","article-title":"Growth of a rat neuroblastoma cell line in a serum-free supplemented medium","volume":"81","author":"Bottenstein","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80410-9","article-title":"Neuronal polarity: vectorial cytoplasmic flow precedes axonal formation","volume":"19","author":"Bradke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.131.5.1327","article-title":"Interaction of tau with the neural plasma membrane mediated by tau's amino-terminal projection domain","volume":"131","author":"Brandt","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.04.110188.000355","article-title":"Growth cone motility and guidance","volume":"4","author":"Bray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.3.921","article-title":"Purification of a 80000-dalton protein that is a component of the isolated microvilli cytoskeleton, and its localization in nonmuscle cells","volume":"108","author":"Bretscher","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.24.3011","article-title":"Ezrin: a protein requiring conformational activation to link microfilaments to the plasma membrane in the assembly of cell surface structures","volume":"110","author":"Bretscher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-03-00714.1986","article-title":"Immunocytochemical localization of tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 during the development of hippocampal neurons in culture","volume":"6","author":"C\u00e1ceres","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/343461a0","article-title":"Inhibition of neurite polarity by antisense oligonucleotides in primary cerebellar neurons","volume":"343","author":"C\u00e1ceres","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90025-9","article-title":"Suppression of MAP2 in cultured cerebellar macroneurons inhibits minor neurite formation","volume":"9","author":"C\u00e1ceres","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/375592a0","article-title":"Preferential addition of newly synthesized membrane proteins at axonal growth cones","volume":"375","author":"Craig","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.2.423","article-title":"Ezrin is an effector of hepatocyte growth factor-mediated migration and morphogenesis in epithelial cells","volume":"138","author":"Crepaldi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970290204","article-title":"Microfilament-associated growth cone component depends upon tau for its intracellular localization","volume":"29","author":"DiTella","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskelet"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.2.467","article-title":"MAP1b\/tau functional redundancy during laminin-enhanced axonal growth","volume":"109","author":"DiTella","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-04-01454.1988","article-title":"The establishment of polarity by hippocampal neurons in culture","volume":"8","author":"Dotti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.5.1799","article-title":"Nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells involves the coordinate induction of microtubule assembly and assembly promoting factors","volume":"101","author":"Drubin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/357515a0","article-title":"Novel from of growth cone motility involving site-directed actin filament assembly","volume":"357","author":"Forscher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.103.5.1921","article-title":"Stages in axon formation: observations of growth of Aplisia axons in culture using video-enhanced contrast differential interference microscopy","volume":"103","author":"Goldberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0169(1996)34:2<122::AID-CM4>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Response of radixin to perturbations of growth cone morphology and motility in chick sympathetic neurons in vitro","volume":"34","author":"Gonzalez-Agosti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskelet"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(05)80030-3","article-title":"Developmental mechanisms that generate precise patterns of neuronal connectivity","volume":"72(Suppl.)","author":"Goodman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.109.4.1621","article-title":"The role of the cytoskeleton in organizing growth cones: A microfilament-associated growth cone component depends upon microtubules for its localization","volume":"109","author":"Goslin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.3.697","article-title":"Tension and compression in the cytoskeleton of PC12 neurites","volume":"101","author":"Joshi","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.4.1007","article-title":"Molecular dissection of radixin: distinct and interdependent function of the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains","volume":"129","author":"Henry","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.135.1.37","article-title":"Regulation mechanism of ERM protein\/ plasma membrane association: possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol turnover and Rho-dependent signaling pathway","volume":"135","author":"Hirao","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.970130407","article-title":"Rapid growth cone translocations on laminin is supported by lamellipodial not filopodial structures","volume":"13","author":"Kleitman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskelet"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B30","first-page":"111","article-title":"The cytoskeleton in nerve growth cone motility and axonal pathfinding","volume":"4","author":"Letourneau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Perspect Dev Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80097-5","article-title":"Myosin drives retrograde F-actin flow in neuronal growth cones","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.112.6.1215","article-title":"Regulated plasmalemmal expansion in nerve growth cones","volume":"112","author":"Lockerbie","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.6.1279","article-title":"Delayed retraction of filopodia in gelsolin null mice","volume":"138","author":"Lu","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.128.6.1081","article-title":"Ezrin NH2-terminal domain inhibits the cell extension activity of the COOH-terminal domain","volume":"128","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.8.8.1543","article-title":"Three determinant in ezrin are responsible for cell extension activity","volume":"8","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-04-01447.1997","article-title":"Expression and distribution of IGF1 receptors containing a \u03b2-subunit variant (\u03b2-gc) in developing neurons","volume":"17","author":"Mascotti","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90124-9","article-title":"Cytoskeletal dynamics and nerve growth","volume":"1","author":"Mitchison","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.3.657","article-title":"Suppression of KIF2 in PC12 cells alter the distribution of a growth cone nonsynaptic membrane receptor and inhibits neurite extension","volume":"138","author":"Morfini","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.4.1771","article-title":"Cytoskeletal reorganization of human platelets after stimulation revealed by the quick-freeze deep-etch technique","volume":"106","author":"Nakata","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.89.3.547","article-title":"Lectin-labeling of sprouting neurons. II. Relative movement and appearance of glycoconjugates during plasmalemmal expansion","volume":"89","author":"Pfenninger","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90191-5","article-title":"Nerve growth cones isolated from fetal rat brain: subcellular fractionation and characterization","volume":"35","author":"Pfenninger","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.2.257","article-title":"Analysis of the expression, distribution and function of cyclin dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) in developing cerebellar macroneurons","volume":"110","author":"Pigino","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4309","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I receptors of fetal brain are enriched in nerve growth cones and contain a b-subunit variant","volume":"92","author":"Quiroga","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20088","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.32.20088","article-title":"A dual involvement of the amino-terminal domain of ezrin in F- and G-actin binding","volume":"272","author":"Roy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.113.2.321","article-title":"Radixin, a barbed end-capping actin-modulating protein is concentrated at the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis","volume":"113","author":"Sato","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.103.1.131","article-title":"A gene family consisting of ezrin, radixin and moesin. Its specific localization at actin filament\/plasma membrane association sites","volume":"103","author":"Sato","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B47","first-page":"189","article-title":"Differential expression of the microspike-associated protein moesin in human tissues","volume":"67","author":"Schwartz-Albiez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.125.6.1371","article-title":"Perturbation of cell adhesion and microvilli formation by antisense oligonucleotides to ERM family members","volume":"125","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90158-2","article-title":"Making the connection: cytoskeletal rearrangements during growth cone guidance","volume":"83","author":"Tanaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.6.2369","article-title":"A new 82 kD-barbed end capping protein localized in the cell-to-cell adherens junction: purification and characterization","volume":"108","author":"Tsukita","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.2.391","article-title":"ERM family members as molecular linkers between the cell surface glycoprotein CD44 and actin-based cytoskeletons","volume":"126","author":"Tsukita","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(96)10071-2","article-title":"ERM proteins: head to tail regulation of actin-plasma membrane interactions","volume":"22","author":"Tsukita","year":"1997","journal-title":"TIBS (Trends Biochem Sci)"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)37:1<54::AID-CM6>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Actin dynamics and organization during growth cone morphogenesis","volume":"37","author":"Weinhofer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Motil Cytoskelet"},{"key":"2023072900364747600_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.9.2523","article-title":"Analysis of a cortical cytoskeleton structure: a role for ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM proteins) in the marginal band of chicken erythrocytes","volume":"107","author":"Winckler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article-pdf\/143\/2\/443\/1850195\/9804119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article-pdf\/143\/2\/443\/1850195\/9804119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:37:32Z","timestamp":1690591052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article\/143\/2\/443\/15904\/Suppression-of-Radixin-and-Moesin-Alters-Growth"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,19]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.143.2.443","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9525","1540-8140"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9525","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8140","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10,19]]}}}