{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1774786537872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Ubiquitin is a small polypeptide that is conjugated to proteins and commonly serves as a degradation signal. The attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to a substrate proceeds through a multi-enzyme cascade involving an activating enzyme (E1), a conjugating enzyme (E2), and a protein ligase (E3). We previously demonstrated that a murine E2, UbcM2, is imported into nuclei by the transport receptor importin-11. We now show that the import mechanism for UbcM2 and two other human class III E2s (UbcH6 and UBE2E2) uniquely requires the covalent attachment of Ub to the active site cysteine of these enzymes. This coupling of E2 activation and transport arises from the selective interaction of importin-11 with the Ub-loaded forms of these enzymes. Together, these findings reveal that Ub charging can function as a nuclear import trigger, and identify a novel link between E2 regulation and karyopherin-mediated transport.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200406001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]],"date-time":"2004-11-15T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1100549629000},"page":"649-659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Ubiquitin charging of human class III ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes triggers their nuclear import"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"167","author":[{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Plafker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}]},{"given":"Kendra S.","family":"Plafker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104"}]},{"given":"Allan M.","family":"Weissman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Macara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2587","volume":"91","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401562","volume":"1","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.2.761","volume":"78","year":"1981","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34957-3","volume":"257","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.6.2397-2409.2004","volume":"24","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00641-X","volume":"114","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7169","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7169","volume":"95","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB8","first-page":"89","volume":"1","year":"1971","journal-title":"Adv. Cytopharmacol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00506-2","volume":"107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00027.2001","volume":"82","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8991","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.12.8991","volume":"275","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34024-9","volume":"257","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)34958-5","volume":"257","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00288a007","volume":"22","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M101205200","volume":"276","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(96)30015-7","volume":"21","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(01)01835-7","volume":"26","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80575-9","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000015229","volume":"84","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cytogenet. Cell Genet."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28218","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.45.28218","volume":"272","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4491","volume":"17","year":"1998","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/21.3.377","volume":"21","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00036-2","volume":"102","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00362-3","volume":"113","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00434-2","volume":"106","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00002a031","volume":"34","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochemistry."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13548","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.21.13548","volume":"272","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.23.3663","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091362","volume":"302","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/35004057","volume":"2","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11364","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.20.11364","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.1.551","volume":"272","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.1.241-243.2000","volume":"182","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.4.570-594.2001","volume":"65","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.14.3685","volume":"20","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110047200","volume":"277","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(07)00486-1","volume":"8","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7576","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.11.7576","volume":"274","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(72)90483-1","volume":"74","year":"1972","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.7.5001","volume":"19","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13069","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.24.13069","volume":"97","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3510","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.10.3510-3521.2000","volume":"20","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5502","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.20.5502","volume":"19","year":"2000","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.501","volume":"287","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.6.1477","volume":"84","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062079","volume":"293","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.19.8797","volume":"91","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.3.1265","volume":"15","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7106","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.12.7106","volume":"15","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.912901","volume":"15","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(91)80169-U","volume":"221","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6937","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6937","volume":"96","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/8991","volume":"1","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43857-X","volume":"255","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7370","volume":"163","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2023072906481240700_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80351-2","volume":"3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Cell Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article-pdf\/167\/4\/649\/1871449\/jcb1674649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article-pdf\/167\/4\/649\/1871449\/jcb1674649.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T02:49:10Z","timestamp":1690598950000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rupress.org\/jcb\/article\/167\/4\/649\/51453\/Ubiquitin-charging-of-human-class-III-ubiquitin"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.200406001","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1023143.266654","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1023143.279652","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1540-8140","0021-9525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1540-8140","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0021-9525","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,15]]}}}