{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:47:36Z","timestamp":1792100856996,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In response to injury of the central nervous system, astrocytes become reactive and express high levels of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, and nestin. We have shown that astrocytes in mice deficient for both GFAP and vimentin (GFAP\u2212\/\u2212vim\u2212\/\u2212) cannot form IFs even when nestin is expressed and are thus devoid of IFs in their reactive state. Here, we have studied the reaction to injury in the central nervous system in GFAP\u2212\/\u2212, vimentin\u2212\/\u2212, or GFAP\u2212\/\u2212vim\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Glial scar formation appeared normal after spinal cord or brain lesions in GFAP\u2212\/\u2212 or vimentin\u2212\/\u2212 mice, but was impaired in GFAP\u2212\/\u2212vim\u2212\/\u2212 mice that developed less dense scars frequently accompanied by bleeding. These results show that GFAP and vimentin are required for proper glial scar formation in the injured central nervous system and that some degree of functional overlap exists between these IF proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.145.3.503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1027701941000},"page":"503-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":346,"title":["Abnormal Reaction to Central Nervous System Injury in Mice Lacking Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Milos","family":"Pekny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clas B.","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Eliasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josefina","family":"Stakeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u212bsa","family":"Wall\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Perlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urban","family":"Lendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; and \u00a7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, \u2016\u2009Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute and \u00b6Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Betsholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medical Biochemistry and \u2021Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gothenburg University, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; 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