{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:39:25Z","timestamp":1792017565498,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The association of pericytes (PCs) to newly formed blood vessels has been suggested to regulate endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, and vascular branching. Here, we addressed these issues using PDGF-B\u2013 and PDGF receptor-\u03b2 (PDGFR-\u03b2)\u2013deficient mice as in vivo models of brain angiogenesis in the absence of PCs. Quantitative morphological analysis showed that these mutants have normal microvessel density, length, and number of branch points. However, absence of PCs correlates with endothelial hyperplasia, increased capillary diameter, abnormal EC shape and ultrastructure, changed cellular distribution of certain junctional proteins, and morphological signs of increased transendothelial permeability. Brain endothelial hyperplasia was observed already at embryonic day (E) 11.5 and persisted throughout development. From E 13.5, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and other genes responsive to metabolic stress became upregulated, suggesting that the abnormal microvessel architecture has systemic metabolic consequences. VEGF-A upregulation correlated temporally with the occurrence of vascular abnormalities in the placenta and dilation of the heart. Thus, although PC deficiency appears to have direct effects on EC number before E 13.5, the subsequent increased VEGF-A levels may further abrogate microvessel architecture, promote vascular permeability, and contribute to formation of the edematous phenotype observed in late gestation PDGF-B and PDGFR-\u03b2 knock out embryos.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.153.3.543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:46:23Z","timestamp":1027701983000},"page":"543-554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":955,"title":["Lack of Pericytes Leads to Endothelial Hyperplasia and Abnormal Vascular Morphogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Mats","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, G\u00f6teborg University, SE-405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"bLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, G\u00f6teborg University, SE-405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"cInstitute of Pathology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Kal\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, G\u00f6teborg University, SE-405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuri","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bLudwig Institute for Cancer Research, Stockholm Branch, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig","family":"Wolburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cInstitute of Pathology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Betsholtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, G\u00f6teborg University, SE-405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072902550549000_Antonelli-Orlidgeetal1989","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.12.4544","article-title":"An activated form of TGF-\u03b2 is produced by co-cultures of endothelial cells and pericytes","volume":"86","author":"Antonelli-Orlidge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. 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