{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:05:23Z","timestamp":1791407123423,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Rockefeller University Press","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["rupress.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Abiomimetic motility assay is used to analyze the mechanism of force production by site-directed polymerization of actin. Polystyrene microspheres, functionalized in a controlled fashion by the N-WASP protein, the ubiquitous activator of Arp2\/3 complex, undergo actin-based propulsion in a medium that consists of five pure proteins. We have analyzed the dependence of velocity on N-WASP surface density, on the concentration of capping protein, and on external force. Movement was not slowed down by increasing the diameter of the beads (0.2 to 3 \u03bcm) nor by increasing the viscosity of the medium by 105-fold. This important result shows that forces due to actin polymerization are balanced by internal forces due to transient attachment of filament ends at the surface. These forces are greater than the viscous drag. Using Alexa\u00ae488-labeled Arp2\/3, we show that Arp2\/3 is incorporated in the actin tail like G-actin by barbed end branching of filaments at the bead surface, not by side branching, and that filaments are more densely branched upon increasing gelsolin concentration. These data support models in which the rates of filament branching and capping control velocity, and autocatalytic branching of filament ends, rather than filament nucleation, occurs at the particle surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200207148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,3]],"date-time":"2003-02-03T22:02:15Z","timestamp":1044309735000},"page":"387-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["A biomimetic motility assay provides insight into the mechanism of actin-based motility"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Dynamique du cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuele","family":"Helfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Dynamique du cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Didry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Dynamique du cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guylaine","family":"Ducouret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Physicochimie des Polyme\u0300res et des Milieux Disperse\u0301s, UMR 7615, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327oise","family":"Lafuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Physicochimie des Polyme\u0300res et des Milieux Disperse\u0301s, UMR 7615, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Dynamique du cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Pantaloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Dynamique du cytosquelette, Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072822262030100_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77018-9","volume":"77","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biophys. 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