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Using cDNA microarray analysis, fibroblasts derived from palmoplantar skin expressed high levels of dickkopf 1 (DKK1; an inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway), whereas nonpalmoplantar fibroblasts expressed higher levels of DKK3. Transfection studies revealed that DKK1 decreased melanocyte function, probably through \u03b2-catenin\u2013mediated regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor activity, which in turn modulates the growth and differentiation of melanocytes. Thus, our results provide a basis to explain why skin on the palms and the soles is generally hypopigmented compared with other areas of the body, and might explain why melanocytes stop migrating in the palmoplantar area during human embryogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200311122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,26]],"date-time":"2004-04-26T19:23:16Z","timestamp":1083007396000},"page":"275-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Mesenchymal\u2013epithelial interactions in the skin"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"Yuji","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Itami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Watabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-ichi","family":"Yasumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zalfa A.","family":"Abdel-Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tateki","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327ois","family":"Rouzaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Tanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiko","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Hearing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072215020822400_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00167-3","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. 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