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Moreover, these cells remain phenotypically distinct even after they have been serially passaged under identical culture conditions, thus ruling out local mesenchymal influence as the sole cause of their in vivo differences. During vitamin A deficiency, mouse urothelium form multiple keratinized foci in proximal urethra probably originating from scattered K14-positive basal cells, and the keratinized epithelium expands horizontally to replace the surrounding normal urothelium. These data suggest that the urothelium consists of multiple cell lineages, that trigone urothelium is closely related to the urothelium covering the rest of the bladder, and that lineage heterogeneity coupled with cell migration\/replacement form the cellular basis for urothelial squamous metaplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200505035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]],"date-time":"2005-12-05T21:18:13Z","timestamp":1133817493000},"page":"835-844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Cellular basis of urothelial squamous metaplasia"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Feng-Xia","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Epithelial Biology Unit, The Ronald O. 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