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Here, we investigated the involvement of host microRNAs (miRNAs) in maintaining the viability of C. trachomatis\u2013infected primary human cells. We identified miR-30c-5p as a prominently up-regulated miRNA required for the stable down-regulation of p53, a major suppressor of metabolite supply in C. trachomatis\u2013infected cells. Loss of miR-30c-5p led to the up-regulation of Drp1, a mitochondrial fission regulator and a target gene of p53, which, in turn, severely affected chlamydial growth and had a marked effect on the mitochondrial network. Drp1-induced mitochondrial fragmentation prevented replication of C. trachomatis even in p53-deficient cells. Additionally, Chlamydia maintain mitochondrial integrity during reactive oxygen species\u2013induced stress that occurs naturally during infection. We show that C. trachomatis require mitochondrial ATP for normal development and hence postulate that they preserve mitochondrial integrity through a miR-30c-5p\u2013dependent inhibition of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201608063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]],"date-time":"2017-03-22T14:12:23Z","timestamp":1490191943000},"page":"1071-1089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["<i>Chlamydia<\/i> preserves the mitochondrial network necessary for replication via microRNA-dependent inhibition of fission"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Suvagata Roy","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasija","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malvika","family":"Sharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Kozjak-Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7355-0674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Eulalio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-4670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bhupesh K.","family":"Prusty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4581-6244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Fraunholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthika","family":"Karunakaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4740-6991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97074 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072314202096200_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2005.03.002","article-title":"The chlamydial developmental cycle","volume":"29","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. 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