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Here, we report, Rhes, a brain-enriched GTPase\/SUMO E3-like protein, induces the biogenesis of TNT-like cellular protrusions, \u201cRhes tunnels,\u201d through which Rhes moves from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease (HD) protein, the poly-Q expanded mutant Huntingtin (mHTT). The formation of TNT-like Rhes tunnels requires the Rhes\u2019s serine 33, C-terminal CAAX, and a SUMO E3-like domain. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that TNT-like Rhes tunnels appear continuous, cell\u2013cell connections, and &amp;lt;200 nm in diameter. Live-cell imaging shows that Rhes tunnels establish contact with the neighboring cell and deliver Rhes-positive cargoes, which travel across the plasma membrane of the neighboring cell before entering it. The Rhes tunnels carry Rab5a\/Lyso 20-positive vesicles and transport mHTT, but not normal HTT, mTOR, or wtTau proteins. SUMOylation-defective mHTT, Rhes C263S (cannot SUMOylate mHTT), or CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated depletion of three isoforms of SUMO diminishes Rhes-mediated mHTT transport. Thus, Rhes promotes the biogenesis of TNT-like cellular protrusions and facilitates the cell\u2013cell transport of mHTT involving SUMO-mediated mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201807068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T15:24:07Z","timestamp":1557501847000},"page":"1972-1993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Rhes travels from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease protein via TNT-like protrusion"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6103-4368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Srinivasa","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072310093179900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2016.1223003","article-title":"Tunneling nanotubes: A possible highway in the spreading of tau and other prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","author":"Abounit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prion."},{"key":"2023072310093179900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401718","article-title":"Nanotubes connect CD4+ T cells to airway smooth muscle cells: novel mechanism of T cell survival","volume":"194","author":"Al Heialy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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