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Outside of these groups lies the genus Naegleria, which shared a common ancestor with humans &amp;gt;1 billion years ago and includes the \u201cbrain-eating amoeba.\u201d Unlike nearly all other known eukaryotic cells, Naegleria amoebae lack interphase microtubules; this suggests that actin alone drives phenotypes like cell crawling and phagocytosis. Naegleria therefore represents a powerful system to probe actin-driven functions in the absence of microtubules, yet surprisingly little is known about its actin cytoskeleton. Using genomic analysis, microscopy, and molecular perturbations, we show that Naegleria encodes conserved actin nucleators and builds Arp2\/3\u2013dependent lamellar protrusions. These protrusions correlate with the capacity to migrate and eat bacteria. Because human cells also use Arp2\/3\u2013dependent lamellar protrusions for motility and phagocytosis, this work supports an evolutionarily ancient origin for these processes and establishes Naegleria as a natural model system for studying microtubule-independent cytoskeletal phenotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202007158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T02:23:16Z","timestamp":1597458196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Conserved actin machinery drives microtubule-independent motility and phagocytosis in\n                    <i>Naegleria<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1083","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-9522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katrina B.","family":"Velle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9237-9403","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lillian K.","family":"Fritz-Laylin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"291","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072823265904800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0017","article-title":"The Croonian Lecture, 1978- The crawling movement of metazoan cells","volume":"207","author":"Abercrombie","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. 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